Giáo trình sửa chữa thiết bị điện, điện tử gia dụng

1390 15,9 13,9 200 3430 2990 17.5 14,9 500 9600 8700 19,2 17,4 (11)1.3 Uu, nhri(fC diim 1.3.1 Uu diim NhiiJ.u chung loai theo kich thl1ac, nhio’!u CllP dii’;n lip va cong suilt Quang thong giaIn khong dang ki!’ xuilt hii’;n chenh dii’;n ap – Sa d6 nbi day dan gillll, khong d.n cac bl) ph$.n phI,! – Kha nang lam vii’;c khOIlg phI,! thuQc vao cua moi trl1ang (nhii’;t de;., de; iim .) – G9n thich hgp vai m9i diiJ.u slt dl,!ng – Chi so mau cao, gAn tl1Cfng tl,t nhl1 anh sang tl,t nhien 1.3.2 Nhri(fc ditfm – Hi$u suilt.chiiiu sang thilp – Tu5i thQ ng.4n hetn cac den khac – Phat Ian 2 Dim huynh quang 2.1 Cau t(lo (12)thuoc vao phan ld’p bot huynh quang bao g6m cac chat tungstat calci, tungstat magie, silicat kern + glucinium, borat cadmium Den huynh qual1g su dyng cho cong c6 yeu cau r9i cao (l00 – 150 lux tnllen) va ap hioi phai 6n Khong dung den huynh quang M chie’u sang sl! co, thoat hiem 1 2 , 5 vo b6ng Ldp huynh quang -I !/ 3 / / – _ – – ‘ -Hlli 1 1 – nov Hinh 1.2: Sa d6 den huynh quang dung tl’ic·te 2.2 D(ic tinh eua dim sulft ella den ttfang doi eao: 40 – 105 ImIW ap su d1,1ng: nov, 220V Tu6i th9 clla den:7000 gib Chi 56 hoan mau cao: 55 – 92 (13)! I DEm huynh quang phat anh sang em dju, dB’ ang 13 D ” ‘ h ‘ d h ‘ h eua 1m uyn quang C6ng Chi@u Duong Quang qua suilt (W) dai ong kinh ang thong anh sang (mill) (mill) (1m) (lmIW) 6 212 15 280 I 466 , 8 288 15 450 56.2 , 13 517 15 I, 1000 77.0 18 590 26 1000 55.5 20 590 38 1250 62.5 30 895 26 1250 4l.6 36 1200 26 3200 888 40 1200 38 3200 80.0 58 1500 26 3700 63.7 65 1500 38 4700 72.3 2.3 Phl,l kirn cua dim 2.3.1 Ballast (chan lu’u) (14)the’ doi vai den huynh quang dn phai mAe noi tie’p vai eUQn cam khling nhi\m ml,!e dich giu 6n dong qua den va dong thai t<:ta ap="" eaa="" de="" khi1i="" d9ng="" den="" lue="" ban="" d="" trang="" tnrong="" hgp="" nguon="" eung="" eap="" eha="" eae="" la="" thl="" ballast="" m9t="" may="" bie="" tt="" eo="" vi="" giai="" h="" dong="" qua="" va="" thai="" nang="" len="" phu="" hqp="" yoi="" dien="" dn="" kich="" phat="" sang="" ::::="">-Jijr;/t 1.3: Cdll t(to ella ballast Bang 1.4: Bang quan.-hf giiia cil dim, di(!n up, Ballast, Starter Dil$n ap Ballast Starter dai O.3m 220V 10W/220V FS4, FS[ (80 – 240V) 0.6m 220V 20W/220V FS4, FS:! (80 – 240V) 1.2m 220V 40W/220V FS, (80 – 240V) a.3m 110V lOW/110V FS, (80 – 130V) a.8m 110V 20W/l1aV FS, (80 – 130′) (15)Starter (con chur’)t,tdc-te, br’) m6i) Starter thl/C cha’t la lO2.3.2 each m&.c mi)t s{/ dim huynh Hinh 1.4: Sa do ntC.Ich den huynh quang lOC.Ii 1,2m-220V JJ U IL -i s\ -I (16)P ‘ -‘.-, p ;, I -=4 -Hinh 1_.6: Sa d(} lHf!ch den hllynh quang v6i Ballast di¢n til 2.4 Uu nhltf/C dUm eua dim huynh quang 2.4.1 lfu diem Dietl tich chieu sang Idil Allh sang phat gan veri anh sang tl! nhil’m Quang thong girim it (1 S;-) ap thay doi ph::pn vi eho phep 2.4.2 Nhli(jc diilm Cflu t’.1o phuc t:;tp Gia C’osq:! thap Quang thong va ph:;tm vi phat quang ph\! thu9C van nhiet Doi veri dell b15(‘C thl b6 m6i kh6ng ho:;tt dong dUGc (17)N goai ca’u clla bi) dEm huynh quang noi tren co cac ki@’u den huynh Quang khac nhu sau: a) Dim huynh quang co bie’n cip nung tim den chi khac den huynh quang tren la kh6ng starter va co ballast diilc g6m 1 bie’n the’ W ngiiu co tra khang ian dam cung ca”p diell tip vai von, M nung cac tim den va d6ng thai cung cdp diell ap cao, dang tt;Lo sl! ph6ng dien giila cac dien cl!c bIll den kh6’i dong phat sang – 220 V Hin{l J 7: Sa d6 mdc mqch dell hu}’nh Quang c6 bic·n ap phlf (18)khi den phat sang binh thl10ng thi den huynh Quang cling v*n hanh nhu den huynh Quang co starter 2.6 Dim huynh quang co cljc phl,t Cdu cua den huynh quang cung co ballast binh thuong nhilllg khac la ben co t.hem cl/c phl,l dilt rj ke” ben m6i tim den, cac cl!c phu dtfqc noi v(1i bhng tra thau m ‘” 6000f.!) eh<:it rj="" ben="" ang="" demo="" nho="" c="" nlnt="" hun="" giam="" khoaug="" each="" ph6ng="" giu:a="" cae="" di="" cl="" nen="" de="" dang="" m6i="" eho="" den="" sl="" ion="" kh6a="" thuy="" ngan="" gay="" qua="" lam="" phat="" sang="" quang="" thong="" cua="" loai="" khoang="" so="" vai="" huynh="" co="" start.er="" l="" r="6kO" .j="" q.q.q.q.q.qi="" v="">3 Cac IO{li dim chie’u sang khac 3.1 Dim huynh quang – Compact Ben Compact la mQt dlilng moi cua den huynh quang, den duqc san xua’t vai cong tien tie’n ke’t hqp ngubn sang t6i u\J va dam bao duqc sy’ tiet n1l.ng nhlft Nguyen 19 lam eua den huynh quang Compact cung gi6ng nhu nguyen 19 lam Clla den h uynh quang Cha’t ph6t ben bng thuy tinh se lam bien d6i tia buc X’.l cy’c tim cua qua trinh ph6ng cac tia sang nhij.n tha’y Uu chinh ciia den Compact 18 tiet ki$m di$n nt:i.ng, chi tieu tbn bitng 20* so Yoi den Hung sang c6 cilng cong sua’t, tu6i th9 gap muoi l3.2 Dim Halogen (20)Bong den halogen eo nhU’ng u’U so vdi den nung sang Ia: C6ng sua’t nhu nhung sua’t sang eao hcm, qua anh sang 90ImIW Cho anh sling trling hern, dam baa sl! phat mau tot – Chi s6 hoan mau IRC eao tdi 100 Tu6i thQ eLm den 2000-4000 gia 3.3 Dim Xenon – Natri Ben xenon – natri duge thi€t k€ chifi”u sang trang tri Ct Mn ngoai eae toa nha, tht! eae trung Him ph6, thi ho*c cac khu vl,te danh rieng cho ngubi di bo, cae quang trubng, neli hanh, nO”i trung bay cae hay bao tang, cac e6ng vi en hay cua cae toa nha mang tinh lieh su va hi¢n dl;!i Den co nhU”ng lfll diem sau: – Anh sang mat diu tuO”ng tt! nhu anh sang tt! nhii’m, khOng lam loa mAt – Tiet ki¢m nAng t6i da nhb qua anh sang eao 671mIW – Hi;! thong se ngU”ng lam vi¢e mot each tt! dong neu den bi d(lt ng(lt hu hong – Khong eo bue xI;! cl!c tim, it hap d§.n eon trung hay sau bQ bay to-i (21)2 , Hinh 1.9: eri”l[ t(lO den fUJi thuy ngan rip sud”l cao (22)tinh dLiqc nit chan kh6ng bim co trang m9t lap b9t ph6t Di$n ap dn thiet M cung ca’p cho den khai d9ng hic ban d1u IS khoang 300V den 500V, d6 si’r dl,lllg den vai ngu6n di$n 220V dn ph:ii co m¢t may bien ap tAng rip len cho den khai d9ng dLii{C va bie’n ap c6 tac dl,mg giG: 6n dinh dong di$n qua den den dong Khi xua’t hi$n mot di$n the’ cao giG:a hai di$n ct,tc thl dong hi’: Quang phong di$n dLiqc hinh thanh, nhLing slj ph6ng diEm In mot dai dun siic, thLiong til vLIng cye tim chLfa nhin th{lY dLiqC VI bong den dn phai URp hai thuy ngau Natri hay Halogen thich hqp de’ rinh sang Den hai thuy ngfm cao ap l1hi$t d9 tren 1000IJe Sf! ph at Tn anh sang tdng Den dLiqc u-ng dl,mg ehie’u sang bao vc, lai di, hai xc”,v.V D:(i.c di6″m eua deu: – Hi$u suat sang: 40 – 951m/W – Chi’ so’ haan mall IRC: 40 – 60 – Tu6i th9 khoang 4000 giCf Den hai thuy ngan rip sua’t cao co anh sang phat kh6ng trung thyc, co anh sang tning xanh va tai nhqt, do, kh6ng thich hqp cho chie’u sang nha rna chi dung chie’u sang nhling nai cong cOng nhLi dLfCfng phO”, Quang trLiCfng, san vi).n dong v.v 3.5 Dim cam ring dirn tii (23)Nguyen If hOW, trucrng W se t cam ttng, dong dii!n se ion hoa hoi cua den Nho c6 st! ion hoa t 80 – Tu6i th9 rat eao khoang 60.000 gii’.s – C6 the dung du:gc th6ng m(‘lt N goai ra, den cam ttng til co cae 10– theo vi trl, dEm rna ta phiii thiet ke mQt m1 Mq ch dMu khiln mf,Jt den (24)h9P nBi, CB, tu phsn phBi, L N c.iu chi I ,- ” I iCODl’: lac L _ ” L _ J DEN Htnh 1.10: Mqeh lnQt e6ng tde khdn mQt den 2 Mr;u:h khiln dim M;;tch den dll!fC Sll” trllang hgp dn cac den chie’u sang cung hie, ta chi dn cong t:i.c 18 tit ca cae den, deu chie’u sang L N, ciu chl, – – -, ,-QSJ-, L _ _ J BEN L.:::-‘_J BEN , , ,- -,, , i-QSJ-, t , L _ _ .J r-” DEN :; -C6ng tiic (25)Di@u h.ru y la ta thif!t ke’ phi’Li ch9n C&U chi cho phil hgp vai t6ng c6ng suat clla cac den 3 M{lch khi(l’n 2 nai, 3 nai, 4nai 3.1.M{lCh dieu hhiiln 2 nlli ( m{lch dim c6u thang) L N 1 r – -, TI_J CT ch.fu Htllh 1.12: Mqch den cd” thang it ‘I I ” I l’c=:I-” CT chau dim co dieu khien tAt rna den a hai nai khac nhau, ket cau cua g6rn co mQt hoJ:j.c nhi@u dEm mac song song vHinh J.J.1: Mqch den Cdll thang tittt ki¢m day ddn each mi’ic se tie’t ki$m day hon, nhlIng ve miii-t an toan chva cao Khi ta rut m9t cau chi thi den vlln sang, hoiii-c ta muon sua chua ta phiii Tut ca hai du chi 3.1 Mt;lch khiin 3 ncri., 4 ncri L N r, .1 1 L CT 3chJu L _ _ J DEN L flinh 1.14: Mqch den difu khir/n 3 nui (27)nay ta sU’ dl,mg eong tAc eh{fu cr 2 diu & giua 1a c6ng uk chau Ta c6 c6ng thtie chung dieu n noi nhl1 sau: gom cong tic eha’u +(n-2) cong Hic chiu dEm de dang thao tac a m9i noi, rat thich hq’p cho cac hanh lang dai, du thang nha cao tAng, khach va cac phbng h¢i h9P ” 1 4 HlttIng ddn saa’chua m{lch dim chieu seing Khi l.1p di;lt di$n cAn hIli Y : L.1p di;lt dung theo so thiet ke, tranh di day chong cheo Lay ngu5n tu hQp noi co donino, ho?c W CB, khong ctit dl10ng day DQ cao cua c6ng ti’l.c va dm t.hich hqp, hIli Y den Uilll vai cua tre em Sau day La mot so hl1 hong thl1ang gap tren dEm t.ron tu’qng Nguyen nhan each slta chUa Khi b;;t cong – Ki.§m tra – Thay d.u chI, t&c, den kh6ng nguon, cau chi va siet chi;lt cae fie sang, ho;)c sang cong uk vit 11 du chi, chan Coi 11.li d.y t6c CB b6ng den c6 hi – Thay b6ng den dut tim kh6ng khac 2 Den khong sang – Bj dvt day mat – Dung but thi’t nhung dUng hut (day trung tinh) di$n tra thli di\’!n ca 16 day va no>, dm, dEm cia bUt hi dlit (28)Cae hl1 hong tTEm den huynh Quang Hien tu’dne: Ne:uven nhan each slfa chua L Den kh6ng sang, – Den da ell, da het – Thay b6ng moi c6 tl1Q’ng thai sU’ dl:mg den dau, den cua den sang nhap nMy, phat sang yeu 2 Den khimg sang, nhttng b6ng den t6t (moi thay) – C6 dl1t tim dem a mot dau – Den t6t 3 Den phat anh sang yeu, ne’u c6 sang hinh xoa.n 6c 4 Den khai dong lau, nha’p den sang nhay !uc sang, luc tAt – Do hO’ ml;lch a cong tac, duoi den long leo, dc-te chl1a gan dung vao V! tri, dl1t day du chL.dii;!n ap ngubn thftp -Ballast bi n6i tiit ho$.c: c6 sl! tAng dien ap ngu6n dQt ng(lt – Xem ll;li cong dc, g11n b6ng cho cha.n den tie’p xuc di$n, chinh V! tri tAc-te, xem cau chi – Kie”m tra ll;li ballast trl10c thay den moi – Tiic-te hong, – Thay d.c-tEi moj” lao h6a Hoi,ic tAc-te bi ha dl1t day – Di$n ap ngu6n suy giam, ch3’t 1l1tron a dati den ‘I chi;tp mot 86 yang day, mau nong ballast -Nang di$n ap I cung dip cho dEm – Thay ballast moi ) r 7 DCJl chi sang a 1- Do t.huy ngall – Se tl! het hai dilu den ngl.Olg tu den sang Neu chi sang a ‘1’ – Do ta.c-te hi hOng, – Thay mai, neu tu mot drl.u hri’mg kim hj chi,ip I chQ.p, dt Go tu ho?c tl,l bi 8 Khi t;1t den, dftu – Do mfic sal den v.1n sang 9 Den sang qua, balllast den qua nong, p!Hit tieng’ rung Mn 10 dem doi chi sang mQt den 11 Dim caa tip kh6ng sang Neu dang thip sang roi rna uit rili thcip sang tra Den cao ap van – Do m§.c sai day pha khong tnJc tiep qua cang tile – Nguon tAng eaa, – Ballast sdp hong – Da’u sai day (ballast S day), ho\ic sai day noi ttic te, – N guon cung ca’p thap Her trang den – Do d(lc tinh eLm den, d.p het tu6i th9· Ballast den khong Obi day a dubi dEm c6 gAn uk-te Sila day pha qua cong tolic dEmo Kiem tra ngu6n ap Thay maio Xem lui dau day dung thea sa d6 m’.lch chi dan Xem l’.li ngu6n kie’m tra den TV n6 se sang tra l’.li sau khi den ngu91 khoang phdt (30)sang nhullg phu hqp, gay dong mai ,ho phu ballast den nong qua ,ao han hqp cong suilt (31)CHudNG2 TiNH TOA.N PHI! TAl – TiNH CHON DAy DAN ,2.1- CONG – CONG SUAT – NANG 1- Cong N:1ng luc;tng co chuy@n d6i thiinh cae dnuae nong Iii nhling thi€t b! d6’i nAng n:1ng – Bong den cae iO’.li doi ni1ng Quang nAng – D9ng co deli nl’ing cO’ nAng – Binh girii d6i nAng hoa nAng NhLi dong- c6 tht!c duqc congo C6ng cua dong ti thea di$n tip, C110ng d9 va thai gian su d\lng C6ng cua dong dien dl1c;tc tinh thea cang thu-c: W = U.I.t W: cong cua dong di$n, don vi la Joule (J) U: di$n ap (V) I: cuong dq dong (Al t: thbi gian (giiiy – s) 2- nang C6ng cua dong di$n co nghla 13 di$n nAng tieu thl:! Di$n nAng tieu thy co dan vi tinh if!: Watt-giay (Ws).Trong thl!C H( Watt-giay Ii trj so’ nit nho nguai ta thuong dung don vildn hO’ll lEi Watt-gio (Wh) hay kilowatt-gio (kWh) (32)• Neu t co dan vi HI giay thl W co don vi la Watt-giay • Neu t co don liL gio thi W c6 dan V! la Watt-gio 1Wh =;; 3600Ws 1kWh == 1000Wh Thi Mot pht,l tai sU’ dl:mg ngu6n ap 220VAC, dong tieu thl,l liL 4A, sU’ dl,lng thai gian giO nAng ph\} tili tren da: tieu thl,l In.: A == 220.4.3 == 2640Wh :=; 2,64kWh 3· Cong sua’t Cang suat Ja cang dong sinh mot dan thai giao liL giay C60g suat eLla dong dliqc tinh theo cong thuc: p = W = V.Lt = V.I t t U: ap (Volt – V) I: dQ do.ng di€)n (Ampere – A) P: c6ng suat (Watt – W) Trem thiet bi di$n nglidi ta thuo-og ghi cong sua’t va ap sli’ d\}ng chu kh6ng ghi cliOng de> dong di€)n ThLdu· B6ng den tron ghi 220V – 60W, ban ui di€)n ghi 220V – SOOW, tdn ghi 220V – loOW Li’i”y cong suat ghi treu thiet bi nhan voi thai giao sU” d\}ug ta Sf! Hnh dlil1c nang tieu th\}o Tilt dll: Qu:;tt tr&u lO4- Bai giai M¢t h¢ gia dinh c6 cac thi€t bi sinh h0truong hqp Cl,l 1.9.: – Tinh toan cho h¢ gia dil1h c6 tang – phbng – Tinh toan cho hi) gia dinh c6 tling – phbng 1- Tinh toan cho he’> gia dinh bing – phong Gia thi€t cho m9t gia dinh co kich thtiae cae phbl1g nhu sau: – Phbng khaeh + sinh h0vi tich, ky hieu la Po Suat phI,! tai chi6u sang cho sinh dan dl,!ng l:i: • Phbng khach: Po = – 10W/m?’ • Phbng ngii: Po = –6W/m2 • Phbng An, nha bep: Po = -• Phbng tAm, nha sinh: Po::;: -;-Nhl1 v*y, cong suat chi6u s:ing dl19’C tinh tmin cho phbng hQ gia dinh tren Ii: + Phbng khach ch9n Po = => PI = 5.16 =: SOW =>2 den huynh quang 40W + Phong ngu ch9n Po = => = 3_14 = 42W =>1 den hUYl1h quang 40 W + Phbng b6p, phong An ch9n Po =: ‘5W => P3 =5.16 = 80W => den huynh quang 40 W + Nha v$ sinh chgn Po = 3 W/m2 Thl10ng nha v$ sinh gia dinh co kich thl10c nbO kho.9ng 3-chgn den hUYIlh quang 20W 0,6m) => P4 = 20W Nhl1 tong cong smrt chie’u sang la: Pes = PI + + Pj +P1 = 80 + 40 + SO + 20 = 220W b) Thie’t bi al!3rJ, di¢n til gia dl!ng: Hi$n nay, gia dlnh ngl1di dan co ml’rc song trung blnh thl1dng c6 cac 10 240W – TV: 220V – 140W (01 cai) – Tli 220V -IS0W (01 di) – May 220V – 700W (01 c:ii) NhLi cong swft tinh toan cua tift ca thi€t bi gia dinh (k{j’ d chieu sang) Ia: Ptt = 220 +1000 +100 + 240 + 140 + ISO + 700 = 2620W c) Tinh ch9n day d6.n: D6i vai ho gia dinh, s6 thi€t bi cho tUng lO=-=6Nmm 2 Vai each Hnh nay, ne’u day dl1Sa d6 nguyen [y b6 tri di¢n: Thuang dan dl,lng, de dem giiin ngl10i ta dung sa d6 dan tuye”n (dung mQt duong ve tl1II 2*2mm2 CB 20A Phong khach CB lOA PhOng ngu Hinh 2.1: So’ dem tuyen CB 20A , Tren dl1b’ng day co cae g:;tch chea de’ tl1qng tntng rho so (37)Thi dl(: 2 x 2mm2 18 duCtng day doi co tie’t dien IiI mm2 Thea sa da tren, moi phong deu c6 Hip m9t CB rieng de’ dong ngtit nguon cho phbng Cach thie’t ki:l” eo chi phi cao han nhung dam bao an to;1n sa dl;mg va hen leJi sli”a chU’a 2- Tinh toan·.cho hI} tdng – phong: (1 tau, tret) Thuang cac hi? gia dinh d.ng thuang bO’ tTi cac phong nhu sau: TAng tret gam: phOng khach 1phong An sinh hOf;lt -1 nha be’p – l§.u gam: phong llgii – phong h9c hay lam a) Tinh ding sudt phl.l tdi: + Cong sua”t ehieu sang: theo ca.ch tinh tren ta co • Phbng khaeh: BOW (2 den huynh quang 40W) • Phbng An: BOW (2 den huynh Quang 40W) • Nha be’p: BOW (2 den huynh Quang 40W) • phbng n’gu’ 40W x (2 den huynh Quang 40W) • Phbng h9c (lam BOW (2 den huynh Quang 40W) + Nha be’p co: • TLi If;lnh: 150W • May gii;i.t: 700W • Lb nuang: BOOW + Hai phbng ngu c6 may 750W x = 1,5 kW + cac phong khach phong An, nha be’p, phong h9c: lOOW x = 400W (38).• mm ui: lOOOW • TV: 140W • QuTinh ch9n day dim: H¢ so si’r dbng thai vin ch9n 1a: kd \ = Dong di¢n tieu thl,! theo cang sua’t tinh tml.ll tri’m 113.: I P” 4000″ 18 A “u 220 (COS(j) = 1) Ch911 day chinh 13 cap h<:t ap="" hai="" d6ng="" cach="" dien="" pvc="" tie="" djnh="" five="" dul1ng="" kinh="" day="" d="" dong="" di="" tm="" cho="" phep="" hi="" a="" phlj="" v="" c="">Sa do nguyen I)’ b6 tTi d[¢n: Doi vai cac h9 dinh nha hai tang thuong co fiVC song cao han trung binh, cang sulit phlJ tiii Ian han nen d.n tinh ch9n chinh xac tie’t di¢n day cho tUng phong cn 501\ “- S’ -A :.Gmm ” [ [ I “- ,S’I I I eB 20A ” ell lOA! eB 2l1A ! ell “A) ell l.,A) CB IDA 2 1.Gmm, 2 1,fimm, d,[imm, Phong Philng Nha Phong Phong Phong khach An bcp ngu ngu ngu (39)each bo’ tri cac h9P obi se duqc huang d§.n trang giao trinh “Thie’t k€ liip n9i th6t” CB-30A Ia CB chung cho cac phbng tren liiu Cach thie’t ke’ 5e tii}n cha vii}c Slt8 chua giua cac t&ng \2.3· PHIl Ll,JC vi; cAp mEN vA DAy DAN mEN Trang phiin nay, chung t6i giai ban phI,! ll,!c tra cac thong 56 ky thu!\it cua day ddn va ca.p fhu luc 20:Day ap i6i day mem nhieu sgi (do CAVIDI ch€ Phu luc 21: Cap ap hai i6i d6ng cach PVC, (40)PL 20 Day ap loi donG mem Sql (do CADIVI ch€ tq.o) -chillv Ch.’, I ‘ 0″‘ Dong Rvol dan :Ii.n day each day VO day dan k!nh diAn phI} Loai dAy ien PVC a 20°C lal – ·”c” -o mm’ N°lmm mm mm nlkm mm A 0,50 1610,20 0.8 37,10 2.’ 0,75 2410,20 0.8 24,74 2.8 Day dan 1,00 3210,20 m’m 0.8 48,56 3.0 10 Vern 1,25 4010,20 0.8 14,90 3.1 12 1,50 3010,25 0.8, • 12,68 3.2 25 2.50 5010,25 0.8 7,60 3.7 2 0,5 1610,20 0.8 39,34 5.2 -2 0,75 2410,20 0.8 26,22 5.8 DAy dol -2 1,00 3210,20 0.8 19,67 ‘.0 10 Vern 0.8 15.62 ‘.2 12 2, 1,25 • 40/0,20 -2″ 1,50 2″ 3010,25 0.8 13,44 8._ 16 2,50 x 5010,25 0.8 8,06 7._ 25, 2″ 0,50 0.8 37,10 2,6>II Cap hI! ap hai loi d61lg cach pvc, 10l!i niSa mem dlJ.l co dinh, ky hieu CVV (do CADIVI cM- tao) , ,-0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,5 4,0 5,5 8,0 10,0 11,0 Dfly dlin I 710,40 710,50 710,60 7/0,67 710,80 7/0,85 DuUng kinh day dI” mm 1,20 1,50 1,80 2,01 2.40 2,55 711,00 3,00 711,04 7/1,20 3,60 711,35 4,05 711,40 4,20 Chieu day 0>” mm 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,3 14,0 711,60 4,80 1,4 16,0 711,70 5,10 _ 22,0 712.00 6,00″ 1,6 25,0 7/2,14 6,42 1,6 30.0 712,30 6.96 1,6 35,0 712,52 7,56 1,7 38,0 712,60 7,80 1,8 50,0 1911.BO 9,00 1,8 Chieu Dliorog day vo klnh 16ng boc pvc mm mm 1,5 9,00 1,5 9.60 _ 1,5 1,5 10.62 1.5 11,40 1,5 12.10 1,5 13.40 1,5 14,4 1,5 15.50 1,5 16,80 1,5 17.10 1,5 1,5 1,6 1,6 1,7 1,7 1,8 1,9 18,90 19.40 21,80 22.64 23,60 25,52 26.40 29,00 PhI,! jai dong A ” 21 24 27 34 37 44 48 05 65 67 n ” 102 111 121 m 141 164 Ira day dlirl C 20°C (max) 19/2.00 10,00 1,8 1,9 31,20 187 0,309 2500 70,0 80,0 95,0 100,0 120,0 14 10,70 19/2,52 12,00 1912,60 19/2,80 1),00 14.00 150,0 37/2,30 16,10 185,0 37/2,52 17,64 200,0 37/2,60 18,20 240,0 61/2,25 20,25 _ _ 1,9 _#?- -.?L r-g,234 2.0 2,1 37.60 242 0,193 2500 (42),2.4· THlih B! DONG NGAT vA BAo Truae day Hnh vljc di$n dan dl,lIlg, thie’t dong ngih va bao thong dl,mg 13 du dao va du chi nay, du dao va du chi ddn dan duqc thay the’ bang CB ( Circuit Breaker: hi) ng.3:t W di)og), 1· Cau dao Clu daD ia cl,l diEhl h<:t the="" uung="" dong="" ngiit="" di="" bhng="" tay="" cho="" cae="" phi="" tai="" c6="" elien="" nh6="">han lOOA, di$n lip thap hdn lOOOV Tri’m d.ll dao co ghi hai thong s6 ky thu.$.t tn1ng 18.: – Dong dien dinh muc: la iT! s6 dong di$n phy tai eho phep qua du dao thai gian lau dai rna du daa khong bi hu Dien ap each dien: li’t tr! s6 dien ap co the’ VaG d.ll dao ma vTilt du: Cau daD ghi 250V-30A hay 500V-50A 2- Cau chi a) Criu t,!-o: C§.u chi 18 cy dien hI,! the dung de baa qua Uii va ngiin cho mq.ch di$n Ve nguyen tAc, du chi g6m m(>t day chay Hun bAng d6ng, nh6m, chi, _ d$t mN vo kin C§.u chi dugc mi1c n6i tie’p di$n dn bao v$ Dong Uii t.rong ml?-ch di qua day chay s5 toa thea dinh Joule (W ‘” lam day cha.y nong len Khi dong di$n til.ng cao, d(> day chay d’.lt muc nong chay se (43)Dong nhc nhat vua du h1m day chay dU1 g9i la IF Trj s6 tily thuQc kich thuoc, va duqc ch€ theo tieu chu§n Cac trj s6 dong IF chu;:ln 1a: 16A -25A -3 2A -50A -BOA -125A-160A -250 A -4 OOA b) FJiJu de ch9n cdu chi: (dong day chay) – Dong day chay phai Ion han dong tai – Dong day chay phai nha han dong cho phep cua day diln ( Iu,!: dong cho phep CLIa day dan) Dong day chay phai nha han 0,2 – 0,3 dong ngi1l1 W ngu6n d€n hQ tieu thy, dong day chay CLI.8 d.u chi phia sau phai nha han du chi phia trucic F2 F5, f ;x., ‘\ Fl F3 F6 ( ) X F4 F7 Hlnh 2.3: Tinh ch9n d.u chi c) Dqc ddm: (44)D*c tuye’n sau cho tha’y thbi gian tac dQng thuQc dong qua tai t(gy 25gy 20gy lOgy 2gy -r -, 51F 11M Htnh 2.4: Thai gian tac dQng thea dong qua Uti Ne’u dong qua tai bling l§.n IF thl day chay se dUt 10 giay, ne’u dong qua tai b.ling IAn IF thi day chay se dUt giay Trut’rng hqp ngAo ml;lch, dong di$n ra’t Mn, day chay se dUt Wc tht’ri d) Tinh chQn cdu chi: hnh ch90 cllu chI bao phai xac dinh dong di$n tai qua ml;lch Doi veri nguon mQt pha, dong tren tai duqc Hnh theo cong thuc : P: cong sua’t tai cos(jJ: s6 cong suat = 0,9 cho tai chieu sang hay sinh hOI;lt (45)( u 380V ) PhI.!- tai ba pha thucmg ia di)ng cO nell co s6 cong suat cOS’P nho, khoang 0,7 Dt! tinh ch9ll du chi eho dong cO do phai X8.C dong khai di)og va thai gian khai di)ng, vi khoi d(mg, dong di$o eua di)ng co tang khoang – ian dong dtng muc * Tinh ch9ll du chI eho tal sinh IF ::: (1,25 – 1,5) II “* Tinh ch911 cau chi eho tai doug co: – Bi)ug cet co thai gian kh6i di)ng ngi1n dudi gy: (4-5)1″ 2 I I’ 2″ ,D 2;” ,0 :-‘1 – DQng ca co thai gian khai d9ng W den 10 gy: ::: (2,5 – 3)IM – Doug co c6 thai gian khai d¢og dai han 10 gy: IF = 41M Tntong hqp ch9ll du chi co IF = (3 – 4) 1M thl du chi chi con tae dl,mg baa ngi1n chil khong bao qua tal De’ baa qua tiE eho d90g ca phai dung ra-Je nhii;!t “* Tinh ch9ll call chi ehinh c6 nhi€!u nhanh hinh tia: Trude het phai tinh dong tong cua tift ca thie’t trang eung eap theo eong suit d1)it HI.: hay L i= L P (46)LI -=-_L_P_ f:3 .U.COS

Thi du:

Dong di$n tieu thl!- eua tat ca thiC;t bj ho lit 30A, kdt=O,7 Cau chi chinh se dLiac ch911 ia’ IF = 0,7.30 = 21A => ch9n IOi.li IF = 25A e) Gia tIi dong chay eua day kim loai thea dlib’ng kinh (mm) IF(A) D6ng Chi SOt 1 0,05 0,21 0,12 2 0,09 0,33 0,19 3 0,11 0,43 0,25 4 0,14 0,52 0,31 5 0,16 0,6 0,42 10 0,25 0,95 0,55 15 0,33 1,25 0,72 25 0,46 1,75 1,01 35 0,57 2,21 1,28 (47)60 0,83 3,14 1,81 70 0,92 3,48 2,01 80 1,01 3,82 2,2 90 1,08 4,12 2,38 100 1,16 4,42 2,55 120 1,31 5,01 2,88 140 1,45 5,53 3,19 160 1,59 6,05 3,49 180 1,72 6,54 3,77 3- Ciiu dao tt! dQng (Ap-to-mat) Ctlu dao tl! d(lng thliang dLfqc g9i tAt ia en (Circuit Breaker) CB la thi6t bi ke’t hqp VI,l dong ngih eua du dao va VI,l bao ella d.ll chI CB dung M dong ngM bl!.ng tay va tily co the’ bao v$ qua tai, m:;tch hay qua lip, thftp ap eB c6 clle, cl,fc, clfe va eye Dong di$n ding muc cua CB thea tieu chuan 18: lOA-20A-30A-50A_, Thong thu”b”ng CB chi co chuc na) Ca dill ngdt nhi¢t : Khi co st! c6 qua tai, dong qua tai phat sinh Hnn cong luang kim tnc dong vao C(J cau ngCo ca”u ngdt til: Khi co stl c6 ngan m:;tch, dong ngdn nIt lOn qua cUQl1 day clla nam cham t<:t0 tit="" trltang="" lam="" ilam="" cham="" di="" tuc="" dong="" vao="" c="" cau="" ngiit="" mach="" jiim="" ngat="" m:="">Wc thai Cac hiIlh sau giO”i thi$u cac CB thong dl,mg hien co chuc nAng bao ve qua tai va ngAn m<:tch clla="" hang="" clipsal="">cAu DAO TIJ DONG – G SERIES 1-DOc DOnO dinh Di”n 0·, p DonO} cot “4 VitlT (50)CHUONG CONG TO mtN MQT PHA – BA PHA cAu Ti).O CUA CONG TO do nAng tieu thl,1 ella tai di¢n xoay voi tAn 56 xac dinh, nglibi ta dung cang ta hay nllng k€ Tuy thea tM tieu thl,1 13 ID(lt pha hay ba pha rna ngLibi ta dung 10to tuang (mg C6ng ta di$n co co ca’u hOca cau cam ung di$n W, va gam cae phall nhli sau (hlnh 4.1) CUQn day dong di$o ( s6 vong it, tie’t di$o day Ion) dl1qc quin tren 16i thep A, va mAc 06i tie’p vCri tat CU9ll dien ap (55 yang tiet dif!m day nh6) dugc qua’n tTell 16i thep B, va mAc song song vCri tai Dia nh6m nitm khe hci’ ella mHi!l.A3-.J: Criu tq.o cua di¢n nr’1ng kf m¢t pita ,3.2· NGUYEN LY LAM VIi!:C Khi co dong di¢n di VaG cUQn day ap va eUQn day dong se W thong 4> trim cae l6i tMp ap V eung eB”p eho tai nen dong iv eUQn day ap va W thOng 4>v 16i tMp B, dong thbi trim cUQn day dong ding sinh W thong 4>1 l6i thep A Hai W thong 4>v va 4>1 pha mQt goc 90° va moe vong qua xuyen qua dIa nhom, dbng xoay tren dIa nhom Do co sl! tticmg tac giua W thong va dong (52)cac chu sO’ chi hrqng di(!n nil.ng tieu cua vii Do do, di(!n nil.ng tieu thl,! cua tai phI,! thu9C VilO Yang quay cua dla nhOm Ki HIj):U TREN CONG Tel Dlj):N Thlib”ng tren cong to se co nhting ki hi(!u sau: 220V lO(201A 50flz 600r/kWh No K”,0.2 No lip dinh muc 220V Dang cho phep qua cong ta 10 + 20A TAn s6 50Hz 600 r/kWh dia nhom quay 600 v.ong, tai tieu thl,l lkW K”, 0.2 dia nh6m quay m9t Yang, tai tieu thl,! 0.2W ,3.4- KIEM TRA vA HIj):U CHiNH CONG Tel DIj):N De kiem tra xem cong ta chta voi phl,l tai lOOW Tinh sO’ Yang quay phut la: 600 x 100 N I phllt = = vong/phut 60×1000 chinh: Neu dla nhom quay nhanh han so vaj ket qua kiem tra tren, ta hi$u chinh nam ch§.m vlnh Clru xa dia nh6m Con dia nhom quay ch$m, ta se hi(!u chinh nam cham gan dia nhom ,3.5- CACH MAC CONG Tel DIj):N (53)ngu6n vao va day cua phl,l tai se drln den lam dIa nh6m kh6ng quay, ho{lc quay ngu:gc lam cong to bi hu hong Thong thu:ang each mAc nhu sau: L U vao N Dau 56 1&3 se milc nguon ap vao Dau 562&4 se mtic phl,l tiii u Hlnh 3.2: Sa mdc day cong ta di¢n , 13.6- DO NANG ellA TAl BA PHA PhI,! tai do nAng cua mi;!t tii ba pha, ta co eac each nhU: sau: 1 Cong ta difn pha ph an til (54)3 Tlii A A B B C C N N Hinh 3.3: Cong to di¢n 3 pha 3 phdn t11 (1-2-3: cu¢n up; 4-5-6: cu(m d{Jng) 2 Cong fa difn pha phdn tit Cong td dii!!n pha pharr ti’t dl1 ca’u nhu pharr tlt, nhung c6 phin ttl’ lam quay dia nhom each rnlic nhl1 hinh 4.4 r -I , ‘ , , , 3 , , 2 :, , , , T’ ; – (55)cHU’ONG I , MAY NGAT BAO – VJj; DAT Đ4.1- BÂ BIEN DONG 1- cltdng May dVQ’c ph.1n hai loai chinh IS may tinh va may di$n quay May di$Il Hnh chinh is bi? bien ap (bien rip dugc chia bien ap m(:lt pha va bien up ba pha) Bo bie”n ap In chuyi§in deli ngu6n xoay chieu W cap di$n ap sang c&p di$n ap khac cung cap eho uii BQ bien ap dl1gc xem nhu mQt ngu6n di$n trung gian cap ngu6n eho t,iii tieu th\! di$n Hai thiet bt co cau va nguyen ly g&n gi6ng nhu bi? bien ap la bien ap iuong va hi? bien dong, nhung co cang d”,ng khac BQ bien tip luong dung d6i tir Ivai di$n trung lip xuong hl;1 8’p cap eho cae luang, dieu khi6n, bao vi;! ap, bao vi;! tlin s6 Bi? bien dong dung d6i tit dong Ian el.la tiii dong dien nhO hon dua cae mhan, dlir;lC qua’n biing day co tiet dii;!n nhO va co vang day, Trang thvc te, bi} bien dang, cui?n sa cap chi co mi?t vang day chinh la day d§.n dii;!n cAp cha tai dLlgc di;it vaa trang 16i thep Hinh 4-1 Itl ky hi$u va hinh dang cua bi? bien dong SI Thl'( ca:p So! S(y dip _ ) p , lllnh 4.1b: Hinh ching 3- Thong so ky thu:}t eua bQ bie’n dong D6i voi bi} bien all, cac thOng so ky thua thd cAp – Cong suAt kien S tinh bhng don vi VA Thi du : Bo bie’n ap co :VI = 220V, V2 = 12V, S = lOOVA Doi vai bi? bi€n dong, cac thong sO’ ky di;i.c tntng la : – Dong dii;!n danh dinh vao sO cAp II solan) – Dong dii;!n danh dinh cr thu- ca”p 12 (tr! sO’ nhM Cac bo bien dong thttong dl1gc ch€ thea cac 56 dong di$n tieu chuiln nhtt : (57)4- Nguyen ly –each sd d\lng CUQn sa ca’p Pl-P2 cua bQ bi€n dong ducJc m1ic n6i tie’p vo’i duong day cap dien cho tai Dong dien tai IL qua cUQn sa clip Sf! t{lO til tn1Crng 16i thep hlnh vanh xuye’n CUQn day thu: clip d11gc qua’n chung tren 16i thep se cam U”ng d11gc til tr110ng dong dien qua cUQn sa clip sinh ra, t{lO dong dien thu clip IL’ M dl1a vao thie’t bt hay: m{lch AC PI s Thi€t bi hay dieu khien Hinh 4.2: Cach n6i day cho b(l bie’n dong Thie’t bi hay khien (hlnh 4.2) chinh Ia tai CLIa b(l bie’n dong 11 cUQn thu: cap T6ng tr11 vao clla tai phai co tri s6rlit nh6 nen dl1gc xem nh11 n6i tAt hai dllu LltU Y quanJr9pg: Khi dung b(l bien dong, kh6ng du:gc de h11 hai d§u clla cUQn thu: c:ip – nh11 tn;mg thai kh6ng tai Luc d6, dien ap giua hai dau cUQn thu: c:ip tAng cao, cUQn thu: clip qulin nhieu vong, dong dien tal IL vl’in van cu(ln sa ca’p nen nang 111qng dien kh6ng du:qc chuyen n1’lng 111gng dien a thli clip, se chuyen hiC dien til (58)5- Cae dng d1! ng ella bi) bie’n dong a) Do luang dong dl¢n ldi cong SU(tt tan : do dong di$n cua tai mot pha, chi dung mot bo bien dong de dong dii;:n tren day pha (hlnh 4-3a) De do dong di$n cua tai ba pha, ne’u la lo<:ti tiii="" ba="" pha="" kh6ng="" din="" b.="" thl="" phai="" dung="" bien="" dong="" di="" tren="" ca="" day="" va="" trung="" tinh="" tri="" so="" cho="" biiit="" muc="" mat="" can="" bang="" cua="" chinh="" lit="" t6ng="" duqc="" theo="" phep="" cong="" vectd="" l="" i="" cb="" a="" ct="" tail="" hinh="" do="" tai="" mot="" thu:="" ella="" cae="" bi="" la="" cac="" may="" di9n="" xoay="" k6="" ac="" truong="" hqp="" chi="" cd="" cau="" tir="" thi="" du:="" trii="" co="" dinh="" mac="" chr="" biiin="" ampere="" k="" di911="" djnh="" nhien="" dei="" sci="" cap="" mi:="">cua ampere kii phai ghi 113 400A N L, L2 L:I I) I) I) I) CTI ::=:G) CT” Tai La phn Hl!!ll 4.:3L: 1:10 dong tal ba pha Tai d thu cftp eua cae bo bien dong chinh 113 cae may dong dien xoay chi8u (ampere ke AC), nhieu truong hqp chi la cCl eau di$n t.u Thi du: TiE co dong di$n dinh mue la 400A thi co the’ ch?n bi? hie’n dong 10′.1i 500A/5A Ampere ke co dong dien dinh muc 18 5A Nhu dong di$n tai qua cUQn SCI c3″p co 56 400A thi dong di$n a thu c5p dua van ampere ke la 4A Tuy nhien, M chi thi dong tai a sCI c3″p thi tren so ella ampere ke phii ghi Iii 400A b) Mach baa v¢ qua dong: (60)s6 IOn eua tai dong tr! s6 nh6 han nhit-u Lin trU’oe dl1a vao ra-Ie baa qua dong RIo N J CB CT Tai 1ll9t pha H’inh 4.4a: Brio vq qua Dong eha tcii mot pha L2 L3 _ _ J Tai ba pha (61)So hinh 4.4a chi d.n dung m¢t b¢ bie”n dong M Ia’y dong tM tn’!!n day pha dua van ro-Ie Rr So hinh 4.4b la ml;ich bao qua dong cho phl,l tai ba pha D6i vai phl,l tai ba pha, chi d.n dung hai b¢ bie”n dong di;i.t tren hai ba pha dElla’y dong tai trEm hai pha dua ro-Ie RJ Ia dli dEl bao Ro-Ie Rr 180 ro-Ie bao dong, c6 la ro-Ie tU hay ro-Ie tl1 Khi dong tal tang qua tr! so chlnh dinh tren To-Ie thi ro-Ie se tac d¢ng ngiit CB dE! bao ve c) MflCh brio v¢ ba pha hh6ng can biing: Trong mt be> bie”n dong dBng thai dong cua ca ba pha (hlnh 4-5) Dong di$n 10 dliqc se cam U”ng sang cU9n thu ca’p, dua van ro-Ie, ne’u muc d¢ m3″t can bi\ng qua tri so giai thi ref-Ie se khi€n nglh CB d€ baa v¢ Thi du: Phl,l tai ba pha co dong dien dlnh muc 150A Thea qui dinh, ne’u ffiUC d9 pha qua 10% thl md) Mgch baa u¢ chgm ddt, ch6ng di¢n git;it: * Lu’ai di¢n xoay chi@u pha : D@’ bao v$ dat hrCii pha, bt) bien dong se d6ng thai dong eua ca hai day, day pha L va day trung tinh N CT L CB [ I d:-l _l- ‘ Tai ffiQt pha (63)Binh thllang, dong tai II di qua day pha va day trung tinh c6 cung so va ngllgc pha nen bo bien dong hai dong se tieu nhau, kh6ng c6 dong cam ung sang thu cap, ret-Ie se kh6ng tac dong ngtl.t CB Khi c6 st! c6 chIE W dfiy pha xu6ng dilt trl/c tiep rna khong trd biing day trung hoa Luc d6, dong day pha la II.+h;, dong tren day trung tinh 1a IL, tr! s6 chenh chinh la IE Sf! cam ung sang thu dp dlla vao ra-Ie ngih CB Thea qui dinh ve an toan dong di$n d chbi -dong II> tit day pha xu6ng dAt tn,tc tiep rna kh6ng tri’J ve day trung Hnh Llic do, dong di$n tren day pha bi ch<:tm se="" il="" va="" dong="" di="" kh6ng="" tro="" ve="" tren="" day="" trung="" tinh="" nen="" bi="" tri="" tieu="" ii="" dliqc="" dim="" ling="" sang="" thu="" cap="" dlia="" vag="" rd="" ie="" m="" dieu="" ngat="" cb="" du="" de="" ngih="" bao="" dat="" v.="" la:="" min="30mA" may="" v:="" ch4m="" chong="">Nguyen tAc Theo qui ve an toan di¢n, vo kim cua thiet di¢n phai co dq each dii Ion so voi cac bq dAn di¢n thie’t b! dien d6 Neu cach giam, se c6 dong dien rl vo va co the gay nguy hiem cho nglibi Slr dl,lng D6i voi ngliCri, dUng tren dii”t, ne’u VaG day dlin (bi hli lop vo) dang c6 dien hay cac b(l phl}n dAn cua thie’t bi dien dang dqng, se co dong dien di qua ngliCri xu6ng dat Dong di$n se gay nguy hiem cho Hnh ngliCri, neu dong di¢n c6 trj so’ dii Ion va thbi gian diJ dai Neu thai gian bi dien caog dai, dong dien qua nglibi se cang ta.ng cao vi lop da ben ngoai da bi d6t chay D6i voi dong diell xaay 50Hz – 60Hz thi tri so’ dong dien dli gay nguy hie’m che’t ngu’bi la SOmA Cac rd-Ie, CB baa ve dift, ch6ng dien co dong tac dQllg (65)co phat hiiim dong diiiln ri qua vo thiet b diiiln xu6ng da’t hay dong diiiln qua ngucri xu6ng da’t (khi b diiiln ngu’oi ta dung h’;’ bien dong voi sO” d6 n6i day nhu: hinh 4.8 va 4.9 2) Rd-le bao vl$ da’t mqt pha Cac C\1 di(m va thiet bi dl1Q”c sl”t d\1ng – ELCB : Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (b’;’ ngdt c6 dong diiiln ri xu6ng da’t) – CT : Current transformer (b’;’ bien dong) – RII.; RC1-1e phat hien dong ri xu6ng dat, di4u khien ngri.t CB N L I I ELCB CT RJr Tid pha (66)Dung bQ biiin dong CT, ke’t hgp ro-le RIE M phat dong deft va dieu ngllt CB Cac b¢ phh tren hai day se ngugc pha va cling tr! s6 Nha do, hai dong dion tren hai day se cho tU’ truang ngugc chieu 16i thep ciia CT va tl/ beu Nhu v*y, kh6ng co dong di$Il cam ling sang CU911 thu CflP clla CT Khi co dong W pha qua vo thie’t hi xu6ng dat, hay co nguo’i giiH, dong di$n di til day pha xu6ng dat va kh6ng trO’ treil day trung hOll, se U,lO ttl truang cam ling sang CU911 thu ca’p cua CT, Dong i’:J thu cap qua ro-Ie Rlr; se ng.1t CB 3) Rd-Ie bllO ch.r;tm da'”t ba pha N LJ L2 LJ II I I CT N 1,\ I Ie Tiii pha ELCB -,, , , , , , , (67)Deli vdi tai ba pha, bQ bie’n dong CT se d6ng thai dong clla ca ba day pha va day trung hoa *’ Ne’u Uli ba pha can bAng thi se cho ra: I Itl = I = I Itl va 1A + 1B + Ie = IN = 0 Dong tai tren ba pha se tri$t tieu tit truang Iai thep nen kh6ng co dong cam U’ng sang thu cap * Neu tai ba thi se cho : IA+1B+lc:t:-O Dong l$ch pha se trd tren day trung hoa (IN) Ia dong ngugc pha nen W trubng cung bi tri$t tieu va cling kh6ng c6 dong dim U’ng sang cUQn thlf cifp *’ }{hi co dong di$n tit mQt ba pha qua vo thie’t b! xu6ng dat hay co ngubi b! di$n dong di$n di tit d§.y pha xu6ng dift va kh6ng trd tren day trung hoa, se W trliang cam ung sang cUQn thu dip CLm CT Dong di$n i’1 thlf cftp qua ro-Ie RIE se ng/it CB §4-3- ELCB DUNG BO BIEN DONG 1- Sd d6 (hlnh 4.10) 2- Nguyen ly BiE'{n ap 220VI 12V _12V qua cau diod va 19C cho ra hai ngu6n d6i xung ±V dg cftp cho OP-AMP va ro-Ie 12VDC (68)OP-AMP Ia khuech ap, co d9 khuech khoang 220 Ian, du d€ khuech muc ap rat nha khoang vai milivon & tha cAp cua CT lEm khming IVa ngo cua OP-AMP d€ kich cho SCR dlin Bie’n tra lOkn l.?t chinh OFF-SET cho OP-AMP 741 Bien tra 100kn M chinh d¢ nh/iiY cua Ne’u co d9 nhliiY qua cao se tac d¢ng sai c6 nhi€’u hay th6ng cung clb xo keo ngiit CB Do SCR dung ngu6n mot chi@u, nen sau _ duQ’c kich S8 trl tr:;t.ng thai De cap ngu6n cho tai, phai an nut Reset lam SCR ngtIng d&n tra 2,2kO va nut Test (thif) tra tinh jam cua Khi in nut Test S8 co dong di$n qua CT thay cho dong dat va S8 khign ng1h CR LUll r Test c6 dAu tra 2,2kf2 n6i vao mCT, dAU dlfdi nut fin Test neli vaa day dAn phia dudi CT 3- Sll’a chua cae hu hong thong thuling Cac hlf hong thlfcmg giiLp dbi vdi so d6 m:;tch di$n tLl” ELCB n6i tren la – T,! dii?n 19C 47flF n6 Nguyen nhan: co diad na.n bi neli ta.t nen cil hai ban kY Luc d6, ban ky am di qua S8 phan ctfc nguqc ty 47flF – la tl,l hoa c6 phan ctfc d§.u dlfong va dAU am – nen W bt sinh nhiet dong ri di qua va lam nB tl,l Bie’n ap 220V1l2Vtl,l 12V bi dtit cUQn sa cap Ltic d6, khong co dien ap d thli cap nen kh611g c6 ngu6n + v va -V, di$n tll: kh6ng doug dlfqc va kh6ng tac dl;mg bao dat hay ngAn (70)§4.4· ELCB KHONG DUNG BQ BIEN DONG 1- Sd d6: (hinh 4.11) .1:+, K1: £-K, ¥ IkO -L, 1 r 2811 L, (2V I,.j! -TR, Hinh 4.11: ELCH khOng dung bie’n dong 2- Nguyen ly 100 kO Z-9V (12 + 100 .’ Trang so d5,hinh 4.11, bien ap TRJ se thay h{l bien dong lam Vl,l cam bien dong da’t Khi §n nut ON (hai lUit a’n lien dqng), cUQu KI co se dong hai tie-p dg tri ngu6n, ca’p di$n eho bien ap TR2va dip dii;!n eho tai qua hai CUtruang llgu’qC chieu tTi$t tieu Cuqll thu c§p L:I se kh6ng ap cam ung, transist.or PNP kh6ng duqc phan clle sl’! nglfng dan Khi co dong di*n Ch’.llll clift, hay co nguai bj gic’j.t, dong dien se chi qua Ll (hay chi qua rai xuong dift nen dong dien qua L] va L,” Luc do, co tU trubng K, (71)cam U’ng sang cuqn L3, qua nAn 19c M thtl hong thong thtlong Cac hU’ hong co the xiiy so db ELCB hinh 4.11 la : Bie’n ap TRI dtit cUQn sO c:1p se kh6ng co dong c:1p cho tai – Bie’n lip TR2 bi dtit cuqn so cAp se khong co ngu6n 12VAC va 12VDC’M ca’p cho rcr-Ie K2, m:;tch khong c6 tlic dl,lng bBo – Transistor PNP bi n6i tAt hai chan C-E nEm cap nguon lien tl,lc cho rO’-le K2 dieu khien ngi’it CB mJ A A THIET BI DlEN SINH NHIET § 5.1 BAN in mtN Cifu tl;)O Ban Iii (ban 1ft) dung ae I.ii pb5ng cae san phim may mnhua chiu (hiac -Phfa (.It/oi Iii I;fm dC phdng hfing gang xi hong hay mtlc dlidc mai nhdn b6ng -B9 sinh chinh hi day In) du(.1c dal ;:him lrang ranh cua de -B1) chinh 11(1 dll’l;!C neli tic’p ¥oi day Ird -£)en bau mac song song vdi ngu6n va c6 Ira h,!-n dong , (73)LO,_!1 ban ui co h(1i mtoe eung gi6ng nhu io:,ti ban ui di¢n hlnh thl(lng nhung: them m6t htl ph.ln ph:i! h(ii m(de gtlffi mtll hlnh h(1i mrde Ul:ip SUa’!, nUl c1i0u chinh hOI mtck va cae altong dng M dITn hcli mf(k L Ngu6n van 2 Blnh ch{(a mrdc Di¢n trd ddt n6ng 4 Cae 16 M hoi thoat ia BU(lng 1<.10 hcli="" medc="" tw="" bu1="" nude="" ntl1="" du:u="" chlnh="" h="" mfdc="" chc="" l="" kh6="" m="" y="" n0n="" h:jo="" nut="" di0u="" khi6n="" nhi="" o="" t="" mnh="" chua="" nudc="" ilelm="" bong="" n1="" fip="" buong="" chuyfn="" mtdc="" dc="" han="" ui="" melc="" litll="" nong="" phlln="" vao="" de="" hiin="" iii="" s="" ilu6ng="" chuy6="" lllfdc="" cong="" lifc="" dlosu="" khi0n="" dqng="" cd="" each="" stf="">d1}ng htdn iii * Can cd” dc loai vai khac d6′ 1rna ngu6n di¢n S11 trl,lC trijc thlfong xay liGp di€m (king mt! thlfong xuyen lam sinh tia hIa dii;:n, IiGp diEm d(f ncn tiC”p xuc khang t(“)t, tiep di(i;m bi nong chay dinh vao kh6ng Ih6 ngal nguon Clch khii”c phl,lc 1.1 thao ban ui xern lie’p diEm c6 tiep xuc to’t hay bi Neu tiep xuc xffu Ihi dung gi5″y nharn danh het vet bitn, nGu hi dinh tiGp diEm thl dung giffy nharn nlai bong tiGp diem va kicm Ira xem phie’n]o xo c6 dan h6i t6t khang )> Rb su dl,lng ban tii bi ro dii;:n gay nguy cho ngubi slt dl,lng Nguyen nhan each bi gia.m sut bi danh thung, khong c6 day tie’p MI, de hQ d§.n bj chf!.m vo hoijc de” han tii phl,lc each Ihay dch bi hlf hong, thay eac sU’ bi va va cac day dĐ.n diÂn qua cu }ii> each lay vC”t bin a day ban tii: ban ui dung lau c6 vGt blin, ve’l den b day dn phili tiy cae phuong phap Ifty nhlfsau: – B6i mot it kern danh rling len be mijt ban tii va dung bong cq thi cac vGt bSn se he’t – Dleu chinh nhiet d(l cua bun tii len de”n 100°C, xong hoi mQI it chat suI (hoijc da’rn lI.n) len vC”t hin va dung vai sach M <:9 sl="" n6i="" cam="" mtn="" cffu="" cdn="" g6m="" ph="" btl="" cdm="" chin="" chinh:="" day="" dqng="" gia="" l1a="" mach="" ng:="" nhiet="" noi="" phlj.n="" tlf="" vo="">Va RDi: g6m hai Idp: vo ngoiii bhg s:ll dUQc seJn phu m:’).t, vo ngoiii chua ta’l d cae bO cun mii Vo Irong bdng nh6m day dung dE na’u cdm, phia Ircn ctla vii Iii n:’ip nOi h:J.ng inoc, vo trang co thE Ia”y d& d·ang FJtiy 110′[: thu{Jng la mot vi gang drry, phia tfen co Ira, dien If 0 day nlii hI bo phan chu ye’u dE nung nong vo lrang lam chin cdm 81} ph4n gia IIhiet t(t c!I}RI: IIgift klli cum clii chill: g(im Ird” chinh Rc dung lam hi) phlj.n gia M nau chin C{Jm, Rp dung d& dong () chi? dO hlim nong , (77)I N6i nau crlm Nam chiim 3 cin an dong ma di¢n 4 sa each di¢n Vii cli6u chinh Rp : tra ph\! 7 Ru: Bien Ird dc’lllg cho den bao Rc: Bien In1 chinh citing M gia nhio$l 2 Nguyen 12 d()ng Khi la nhan nul I Ihl nam cham du”(Jc dJy sat vao oiiy clng hlnh tru vii htl! chrit vao (tay n(;1 TiC”p ui0m N (Mng nen Jbng (tien qua (tien trd Rc va (ten bao D (den sang Rc dudc nung nong) Khi nhiet dt) cua n{J”i Icn kho:1ng 70°e, IL(flng kim L cong lcn lam cho tiep ui6’m ham n6ng H llong lai Uic ti(p diem N vh d6ng lai R{” vh dl.Mc nung n6ng Khi nhi21 dCl cua lCn de-n khming 90°e, It(mJac van cae hi) phan oi(‘:n lrang n6i lam hu’ hong Kh6ng dung nude rua VI) ngoai vii phat CUll nbi v) rna nu’oc sc h’lm lim gay chi dung vai im dE lau ch6 h5n Khi khong mfu phiii rut phkh di¢n khoi dien VI M di¢n lien tll(‘: se Iii m cho rdle Lrang n5i lu6n ludn giu nhi¢t ui) 70°C vua liing phi diGn mlng vua giam lu6i !hQ Clla e::ic hfl phan ella nlli Khtmg (hi thac an ra! viio day n51 Lau day n5i kho tn/ac d;)! vao vtl mii Tranh i 4 Cae eCI va each phQc sli’ dt.lng ni}i edm a) Klti nhifn ctmg lac (kn c() nllL(ng mCll Jue saL! den Jai tat, dn gat tn’i vi tri eli vii d6 com khfJllg chin: true IrJe b ticp diem chinh tie’p xlic khCmg ttlt Oich dr I)’ Iii dung gifty nham keo len ken xU{lng () lIcp cllfm chinh eho hc’t lrtp uxy hoa, neu !iep daim hi hCl dilll)!’ lay fln d6 hal tiep diem chinh liC”p xlic Lo’t b) Kill nll,!’n cong dc, den bao sang nhlfng n6i kh6ng n{)ng Nguycn nhan Iii day ngulin vao oien tn’1 chrnh hi each dien lat! hj r! scI kh6ng c6 dong chay qua Ta phai lhay day no’i viio oiGn Ird Rc e) Thoi gian nSu edm l5.u hdn blnh thu’?ing nguyen nhan la dung mii {au day n5i hic’n thiinh mau den ho*c vang hlm h9 Stl Iruycn nhieL kem Cach xU” Iy Iii dilllg gia’y nham eha trcn mSd d6 4,7kO lM’;;?’+ I – + ov Hinh 5.3: khi€n 6n dinh 2) Nguyen ly ” ” ” ” Tlii hlnh 5.3 la tra cua cac 10 say cong Khi triac chua duqc kich dan dbng chua sl,lt ap tren tiii, ngu5n 220V qua du diod nlin t{lan ky kh6ng 19C cho nhil’ng ban ky ducmg lien tllc va gqn song (80)Nhi$t tro dung 1.’1 tra hG s6 nhiGt am nen a dq thap co so tra Ion Khi mdi ma Th’ co trj so Ian nell ap VM caa, tl;! C dion nhanh qua tra 10kn va diad D cho xung kich sam, triac din cap dong Ion qua trd tai, lam t11ng nhanh d¢ cua 10 Khi nhiGt dq cua 10 tAng len, nhi$t tra giam tri s6 lam di$n ap VJI.j gi3m, tl;! kh6ng du ap dluh xung kich, tl,l phai tiEl’p qua diGll tra 100ko va bien tra IMn nen cho xung kich hall Khi llhiet dO eua 10 d”,t den mue gidi lip V M gi3m r.it uh6, tl,l C qua 100kO va IMo nIt eh$m, gae kich rat Triac duqe kich tre nEm dong di$n qua tal r.it nh6, chi du eung e.ip cang su.it eho tai M biI luqng nhiet that thoat ngoai Sau kieh triac dftn triac coi nhu n6r tAt, ugu6n chi d$t tai, va tren d.u diod b1 m.it dien Bien ap xung dung M dua xung kich UJT da) {Jim thifiu Ie TCA 780 la m?ch tich hqp thy”c hi$n duqe ehuc nAng dieu khien la: Niin CAt ngQn ngu5n dien d5ng bQ (81)Ie TCA780 hang Siemens ehe’ t’!-o, dUb) Htnh dang: 16 TeA 780 o Hinh 5.4: Ie TCA 780 c) Dang 8ung a C(kglan: (hinh 5.5) (82)t t r'” 0 0 , t r” 0 0 , t r’ D D , t , r’ n [] , t Hin.A5.S: s6ng vao va (83)+1 5V 1 M ; 6 47K Tal ” 16 :3 :J Y 5K \014 220 1 ” 9 v • 180 4.7K 47K .066 F OV Hinh 5.6: ciln ball N guon xoay chieu 220V Cling cfip eho tai va ffivolt d chan Trang Ie, m;;:tch di$n ky se doi nguon mQt chieu kh6ng 19C 18 nhii’ng ball ky dlCdng lien tye Ngu6n mQt chieu 15V 06i de’n cae chan 16-13-3 d€ cffp eha cae linh ki$n,di$n tu- Ie Chan va lO.cO di$n tro 47kn va tJ,l 068 18 RC ben ngoai de t<:10 hien="" tllqng="" i1f="" xi="" di="" bie="" tra="" dung="" m="" dieu="" chlnh="" mue="" dien="" ap="" m9t="" chieu="" dl1a="" van="" chan="" so="" val="" n:="" xii="" tren="" ty="" c1="" du="" vio-vl="" l="" neu="" cang="" cao="" thi="" xung="">kich duqc m6i ban ky cimg tre va ngl1qc l!;li Xung kich thai gian co ban ky dlll1ng dllgc cho (84)Truong hgp chan 12 noi mass thl xung kich (; chan 15 va 14 la xung vuong (xem du’ang VI5 ‘ -V1/) Xung vuong se ket thuc cha’m dut ban kyo Trong sa d6 m<:lch clln="" ban="" hai="" xung="">a chan 15 va 14 qua hai diod cung dua vao kich cvc G cua triac cap ngubn cho tai Xung kich som thl triac dan di$n som se cap dong Ian cho tai va nguqc l<:li neu=""> tcH la dQng ca, xung kich sam, dong qua lon, dong ca quay nhanh, xung kich dong qua nM, dong ca quay Neu tai la dEm chie”u sang, Kung kich som, den sang to, xung kich den sang rna Neu tai la trO sinh xung kich som lam ti1ng dQ, xung kich lam giam *5.4-LO NUdNG 1) D:;ti cu’dng Ngay nay, thu-c An nu”Ong cang dugc nhi4u ngubi yeu thich va tro nhU”ng m6n an ph6 bien cho I119i doi tugng XB hoi Lo nuong duqc san xu6t dii phl,lc Vl,l cho nhu cau thie-t thljc dbi si’ing gia dlnh Lb nuong cang dugc cai tie-u da d<:li ti="" dl="" nho="" cac="" m="" dieu="" khien="" tu="" va="" ki="" ban="" diin="" cong="" suat="" ion="">dB duqc cM” phl,lc Vl,l cho 11nh vvc tU” cong Trong cac sa d6 cua 10 nuong duqc trinh bay philn c6 su- dl,lng cac linh ban d§.n nhu triac, Ie 555 D9c gia c6 thE! tim hieu them cac linh ki$n tn?n cac giao trlnh “Linh ki¢n di¢n fi?, “Linh ki¢n di&u khif/n – Di¢n m¢t clziJu c8ng nghi¢p’: “KJ thu(r.t Lung” va “Di¢n tit c8ng sudt” eua eung tac gia Tan (85)2) Citu t.;to – Hinh dang Hinh 5.7: Lb nl1ang Lb nuang c6 hlnh dang ben ngoai nhl1 hinh 5.7 ca’u ngoai vo’ chti”a ba.ng kim ben c6 hai tra nl1ang, ill9t ben tren m9t ben dl1ai M;;i.t trl1cic c6 cae num chinh: – Num ChQll che’dQ lam HEAT SELECT · OFF: ngl1ng · UP : chi dung di9n tra 11110ng ben tren · DOWN: chi dung tra nl1ang ben dl1aL (86)- Num ehinh thai gian de’ nuang tu 0 phut den 60 phuL Hinh 5.8 cho tha’y hinh dang ben ngoai eua d.c num chinh tren Ngoai ra, mot 5610 nu(tng can c6 mot doug Cd nha di’i xoay trl,lc siit, nha trl,lc xoay thvc ph,1’m din nuang se duqc xoay tron quanh trl,lc su6t thai gian nuang, dam bao thvc phfim se dUdc nang a m9i UP OFF (IT) OOWN ITP & DOW!\’ HEAT SELECT 111 (W;!)” tlO 50 40 TIMER 20 :lO oc TElIl!’ CO\·TIW! Hinh 5.8: Cac nut chinh 3) chQn ch€ dQ lam vit$c SI: HEAT SELECT (1a cang tiic doi, mbi cong tAc co vi trO (87)1 RJ MACH 2 KHONG L :J CHE .-4 nONG Sl DlEN f -1 (hay “dieu 2 – R2 3 chinh OVAC nhif;t dO) 22 N ljinh 5.9: Sa do Illl;lCh ch9ll che dQ lam Khi Sl a vi tri 1: OFF, bi nguon Khi 81 if vj tTi 2: UP, chi c6 di$n tra QUang R\ ben tren dt1gc ca’p nguon Khi Sr a tri 3: DOWN, chi c6 tn:’r nt1{rng R2 ben dual duqc cdp nguon Khi Sr a vi tri 4: UP & DOWN, ca hai tra RI va R2 dugc ca’p nguon Ml;lCh kh6ng chif dong 18 ml;lch tLi dung d€ thay d6i dong di$n cap eho di$n tra R[-R2 thee dQ dl1gc cai nha num TEMP CONTROL 4) dMu chinh nhi.;t de} (TEMP CONTROL) a) So d6 : (hlnh 10) b) liguyen lY (88)xung kich dong di$n qua tai co s6 nh6, 10 m10ng dugc giu 6n dinh CI nhi$t dQ th!lp 4,7kO Moe,:+-‘ – + ov Hinh 5 .1Q: dieu chinh dQ 100.0 ” – ,,’-_”l, ‘” Trj 56 bi6n trCt cho phep dieu chinh dQ cua 10 nuong tU 100IJe den 2500e Tai so d6 hinh 5.10 ia tra Illiong 5) M:;t.ch djnh (mim chinh thdi gian) TIMER Da 56 cac 10 nuong dung timer la ro-Ie thai gian ki@u co h9C (gi6ng nhu timer tren cac ban, dung) ben dung cac banh rbJ Ngpyen dinh thl tTong hlnh 5.11 la mi?t U”ng dyng Tat CCi ban clla IC 555, ten gQi cua ky xung la da hai don 5n (xem giao trinh “Ky thugt xung can ban va nang eao “J eong tAc K va bien tn1 VR duge khien chung, ehinh la num chinh Timer t.rong hinh 5.5 Khi num ehinh (90)M’ Khi xoay num Timer lam d6ng cang tilc K, Timer bi’lt d§.u d9ng, ngo chan cua Ie co dien ap cao se phan clfc cho clfc cua transistor lam transistor din, ret-Ie co dien Wc thai dong tiep di€m &1′ cho 16 11110ng bfit d&u hO’.1t d{lng (hinh 5.9) Sau thai gian tl,l C n’.lp qua bi6n tra Vf{ va dit)n tra R Mchan va c6 di$n ap du Ian se khi€n ngo xuong dien ap tha’p (khoang O,2V) Luc do, lransistor khong duqc phan Ct(c ij eVe B nen transistor ngltng din, ra-Ie ma’t dit)n va jam hij tiep Rr d6 ngiit ngubn 220VAC dua VaG 16 nuong, 10 nuong ngltng hO’.lt d9ng (hinh 5.9) 6) Sd db hoan ch”inh Clla 10 nliong 1 R[ z 20V Htnh 5.12: Sa db lll’.1eh di$n eua 16 nU:Ong SO” db hlnh 5.12 Ia sl/ ket hqp gifra cae ffi’.1eh ca ban 10 nuong Trong sa db nay, Rr 13 tie’p diem eua Ill’.leh dinh thl (Timer) dung 10′.1i ra-le thai gian ca hQc 7) Cae hu’ hong – Cach slta chua (91)b) Xoay nUll) Timer, e6 16 nU’ang dQng tot, e6 16 111lang kh6ng hO<:lt dqng="" baa="" kh6ng="" sling="" truang="" hqp="" mqt="" nguyen="" nhftn="" thuge="" ehinh="" gay="" cae="" hnh="" thuang="" hu="" nhi="" in:="" triac="" e6ng="" suilt="" ujt="" de="" sli="" chua="" ph.in="" nay="" dn="" xem="" l="" ph.="" m="" di="" d="" chuang="" may="" nude="" nong="">1) cu’dng May nUGe nang 13 m9t lo<:li thiet="">bi di$n – di$n hi gia dyng e:’lIlg duqe sU” dyng r9Ilg rai si.nh hO<:lt trude="" day="" may="" nude="" nong="" thuo="" e6="" binh="" dlf="" tru="" dung="" t.ich="" lit="" hay="" khi="" duqe="" ea="" ngu6n="" trf1="" eang="" swft="" d="" s="" nung="" nuae="" t.rong="" mide="" duqc="" de="" nhi="" d9="" ehinh="" dinh="" bien="" cam="" cap="" co="" den="" di="" do="" dq="" ehc="" ehl="" eho="" eua="" gian="" h6="" ian="" khoang="" kieh="" kim="" la="" lam="" lo="" lon="" luang="" mai="" mot="" nen="" neu="" ngat="" nhuqe="" phut="" se="" thai="" thi="" thuoe="" ti6p="" tich="" tro-="" va="" val="">sa dl,lllg nuoe nhi€u t.rong thai gian ngAn thi luqng nuae b6 sung van kh6ng kip nung nang nen nhi$t nuae sa dl;lng kh6ng duqe 6n dinh nay, nguai ta da thiet ke va ehe t<:lo lo="" may="">nuae n6ng We thai khong can binh dl,l tru Trong ph.in chung t6i chi giai thi$u 10<:li may="">nuae nang We thai dung m<:lch di="" tli="">Dl;ic tru’ng ky thu{it (92)20VA OP -Cang sua’t: P= kW -T kW -Dong dien tieu thl,l : 13,7 A -T 22,8A Q C -Ap sua’t nude dLi dong m’.leh dieu khit!n: 0,2 Kg/cm:! Dien trd cang sua’t nung ntlae co cong sua’t lan, dUQ’e ch€ cach voi cae b9 khac may nuoe n6ng Tuy nhien, thie’t bt nay Iuon Iuon dung voi nguon nuoe va ngudi si’r dl,lng eilng b! u6t nuac nen ra’t nguy hii’im ne’u co S\f c6 rI De dam bao an toan, mot 86 IO’.li may nUDe nong duqe thiet ke’ eo Hip them may ngiit eh6ng gi$t va chha va ngu6n xoay ehieu 220V khong cung ca’p cho m3) So m;;tch chinh nhiet dQ + 2,2K C “,10: T ‘ n – Z -j(Tl D I 18V ID lK Tl \ {IJ ‘I’ll , Hinh 5.13: So m’.leh may nude nong (93)4) Nguyen ly dQng – Tai’ t.rcr cang sua’t lcrn khoang vai kW M nung nong nucre – TTiac: linh ban dan cang sua’t de kh6ng che dong dien xoay ehifju dp eho tai – OP: tiep ap sw’lt nuae, neu ap suilt nude yeu thi tiep OP nhu hinh ve, neu ap suilt nude dii mrna nuae thl tiep diem OP Ct thai dien tll’ viln chua hO<:tt dong="" khi="" ma="" nuae="" vai="" ap="" hfe="" nuac="" dtl="" m="" trem="" kg="" tiep="" diiim="" op="" den="" bao="" hi="" se="" sang="" va="" t.tl="" bat="" dau="" ho="" doug="">Nguyen IS’ ho;;tt dQng – Tai’ tret cong suat Ian khoang viIi kW dii nung nong nude – Triac: liuh ki$n ban dan eong suat de’ kh6ng che dong dii}n xoay ehieu cap eho tai – OP: tiep die’m up suat nuDe, neu ri.p suat nudc ye’u thl tiep OP h6′ nhu hlnh ve, neu ap sua’t nuoc du manh (2 thi tic’p OP dong de’ cap nguon cho hr – ‘I’ll: llhii}t tra h0 so I1hii}t am dung Ia.m cam bien nhii}t de’ dieu khie’n 6n nhii}t – T1: transistor NPN lam ngu6n dong dii}n ban d§.u eho tl,l transistor dan n6i (UJT) de’ ta tr:;mg thai hd nell rntrim tiep die’Ill OP se dong den baa hii}u Sf! sang vii dii}n tLi bdt ddu dong (95)- Cam bic’lI TH d(l eua Illiae duiy qua may nuoe nong Khi nude ehua nong, TH eo trj so Ian nen ph an elfe melfe G eua triae Nha bi611 ap xung co khri nang each di$n giG’a Sd va tht1 rip nen dion ap 220VAC kh6ng ri.nh huang d6n cae linh ki¢n cti$n tti dieu khie’n 5) Cae hu hong each sli’a chua D6i voi 10We thai dung di$Il ttl nhu trcn thuang co cae hu hong nhu sau: a) Co di$n vao dieu tie’p diem OP dong, dfm bao hi$u sang nhung nude a ngo khong duqe nung n6ng Cae linh ki$n e6 the hu ia: -Hu cau diod n11n -Hu transistor Tl NPN -Hlt transistor ddn n6i T:: -Hu triac e6ng suat (96)xac djnh nguyen nh§.n htl chinh xac, c6 dung Ohm ke’ nguoi linh hay dung Volt ke’ ap cua cac chan linh m<:tch dtlgc="" citp="" nguol1="" b="" num="" chinh="" kh6ng="" tac="" dl:="" nuck="" ngb="" co="" qua="" cao="" cac="" linh="" the="" hu="" la:="" cam="" bien="" th="" bj="" dlh="" t="" i="" ch="" bao="" hoa="" tl:="" n="" nhanh="" cho="" xung="" kich="" sam="" triac="" cong="" suitt="" bi="" noi="" tat="" ne="" dong="" tai="" ld="" nhelt="" a="" hij="" thong="" diij="" trong="" tu="" khai="" nli="" ban="" ve="" nguyen="" lv="" lam="" i4nh="" cae="" d="" hiqng="" tru="" th6ng="" l:="">a) Nhil!t d6: nay c6 ba thang dQ diii xac dinh di> duqc • Thang Kelvin: (duqc cae nha khoa hlllJac 13 373,16K Nhi$t di? OK gQi 1a nhi$t dQ kh6ng tuy$t doi se ling vei -273,16C Nhu’ v*y, ffi9t d9 Kelvin bAng ffi9t do Celsius • Thang Celsius: (thOng dl,mg (j Viet Nam va wiDe) Thang Celsius gQi Hi thang nhi$t d{l bach phan dan vi la Ole Thea thaIlg Celsius, nhi$t dQ dong cua Ollac ia oOe, nhi$t d9 s6i eua meek Ia 100°C • Thang Fahrenheit: (thong dl,lng i1 My, Anh) Thang Fahrenheit ra’t thong dl,lng nganh ky dan la OF Thea thang Fahrenheit, di@m dong d$.e eua nu& Iil 32°F, nhi._ C6ng thue ehuyen do’i nhift di) gilia cae thang !t> do: (98)eOF = 40.180/100 +32 = 104°F * tU of sang °C: °c = (oF -32) – 100/180 Thi du: 150°F tUC1ng dU(1ng dq thang °c 1;\: SoC = (150-32).100/180 = 65,5 °c 01TILL du 100°C tuang ilng vai nhi$t de> thang Kelvin 1a: OK = 100° + 273,15 ;=; 373,15K ‘” Chuye’n W de> Kelvin sang uc SIlC = K -273,lS’1 Thi du: -260K tuang duang vai nhi$t dQ thang °c IS.: aOc = -260 K – 273,15 K = 13,lSIlC b) Do a’m trol1uh6ng khi: (Humidity)kh6 Di) lim kh6ng la lur;mg hoi nuac chua mQt dan vi tich kh6ng khL Ngu’oi ta phan bi$t hai dQ am • DQ tim dbi: (Aboslute Humidity) la tn;mg lU’1ng thl/C cua hoi mQt feet kh6i khong Do tr9ng IU’1ng cua hai kh6ng tuang d6i nha n€m nguoi ta thuang tinh so’ “hCJ cling mot d9 Ta co: Am wang d6i o/c Am d9 t.bi da • each dQ dm: De co th6 xac djnh am tl1ang d6i cua kh6ng ngoai troi hay phOng, ngub’i ta c6 thvc hiiim theo phuang phap sau: – Dung nhii;!t ke (io?i nhi$t ke’ thong thub’ng) M nhi&t d9 clla mDi truong – Dung nhi¢t ke am, gibng nhu nhi$t ki! kho, t?i bau thuy ngan co baa bling mieng vai mjn du:gc thAm nuac Nhi$t ke dm duqc Mc m?nh (hay d6 trti6’c mot qU?t may dang quay) Khong d9ng S8 him kh6 mieng viii du:qc tha’m nuoc nhieu hay it thea am cua kh6ng dang Neu kh6ng kho thl mieng viti b6c hai mau va lam h<:t nhii="" dq="" cua="" nhi="" ke="" s6tren="" am="" s8="" luon="" thap="" han="" tri="" so="" tren="" k="" kh6="" muc="" sai="" giua="" hai="" se="" dlfqc="" qui="" i="" wang="" d6i="" kh6ng="" neu="" khong="" co="" lim="" t6i="" da="" hoa="" thi="" kif="">chi tri so’ bAng => dQ fim Wang doi la 100% – Bang tinh dQ &m thea cach tren: (100)Bang tinh i1m dQ tu’ang d6i dQ DQ iim tUCfng d6iC’Yc) kh6 (oC) (oF) 21 70 81 72 64 55 – – -23,9 75 82 74 66 58 51 – -26,7 80 83 75 68 61 54 – -29,4 85 84 76 70 63 56 50 -32,2 90 85 78 71 65 58 52 -35 95 86 79 72 66 60 54 -37,8 100 87 80 73 68 62 56 51 Mile sai 10 12 14 16 , dQ kh6 tru dQ iiml c) Nhiet illQng: (Heat quantity) De’ tinh nAng luqng phat W cae v$t the’, ngub’i ta dung mQt ba dcrn sau: Calorie, BTV va tan • Calorie: La so luqng d.n cung ea’p de lkg nude tinh khie’t tang dQ len 1ilC Nguqc dC1n vi di!· dQ l’.lnh 18 Frigorie Frigorie la so nhi$t d.n lay kh6i 1kg Ill10e tinh khie’t de dQ giam xu6ng 1°C Nhu Frigorie la calorie am Frigorie = -1 calorie I (101)• BTV: (British Thermel Unit) BTV (dan vt nhi$t luqng clla Anh-My) la luqng dn cung cAp cho Ipound (lpound = 0,453kg) nuac dif dQ tang len l’JF Cong thuc chuye’n d6i tit BTV Calorie la: BTV = 0,453 kg x 100/180 = 0,252 Calorie hay Calorie == BTV • Tiin (Ton of Refrigenation) III suc l?nh duqc bang din Dan vi tan l;:tnh co dliqc xuat phat tli ngubn g6″c la trlioc day nglibi ta dung nuClc da de dong lQ-nh san ph:im Mot ta’n nlioe da (lOOOkg) khoang 2000 pound MQt pound nliCic da dl).t phOng tan se hlit mQt nAng luqng h’t 144BTV Nhli v*y, tan nuCle da ehay se lam giiim duqc nl:i.ng luqng la: 144 BTV x 2000 = 288.000 BTV Ne”u nl1ng 1l1l?”ng dl1qc ghirn het 24 giC1 thl mQt t11n l?nh se bAng: 288.000/24 = 12.000BTV /giiJ Dan vj BTV duqc dung de xac khii nl:l.ng eua h$ th6ng l?nh Till dl.f: Mot may I?nh eo eong suAt la tin l?nh, nghla la mQt gib may co the giiim sue n6ng bat di Ill: 12.000 x 2,1 gib = 24.000BTV 81 1′ hac hdi (102)a) Hai: (Vapor) co the ngl1ng ty long de dang co sl! thay d6i nho ap suf:(t hay dQ hay bl hOO va Iuon ngung ty voi thong thuong ben ngoai Mot chai a th6 hoi rf:(t gin voi the long yin la hoi b)j(hi: (Gas) la nhii’ng chat a the no t6n nhU”ng dieu ki$n a bell ngoai Mu6n deli th@; long, nguoi t.a phai dung nhilllg t.hiei bi di[lc bi$t nEm thay deli lou ve ap suat MOt chat c6 t.he n6i la xa thai long va kh6ng the” t.hay d6i dU!JC duai nhung dieu ki$n thong thuong e) Su: bay hai: (Vaporisation) la phuong philp lam v(it chat W the long chuyen sang the’ hoi SI! thay dbi khong thay dugc va chi xtiy a tren ml\it chit long dual ki$n thong thl1ong SI! bay hoi la mot b6e hoi, no lam cho nang lugng nhi$t cua v(it th6 bi lay di Do do, s’l bay hoi chinh la mot phuong phap lam b,mh ,6.2· NGUYEN LV LAM LANH eel BAN Cae th6ng IWJ.h cong nghi$p cung nhu dan dl.Jug deu tip dl.Jng cac quy luc)t ly co ban sau day: l.Dinh Theo 1:9″ thuye’t khong co vc)t the nao co the g9i ia l<:lnh ne="" chua="" d="">Wi nhi$t -459,69IJF (_273,16oC) hay OK, chinh la khong dQ Kelvin thang nhi$t d6i Nhu v(iy ba”e eu va nhi$t d6 deu dl1!Je xem la nong Tu -459,69ilF ira xu6ng moi dU!Jc xem ia lW be’lt eli mot vc)t the nao (du a the lOng, the” dn hay the hoi) 2.Dinh (103)Thea dinh 1, slf H.l.m co nghla la giam bot SlJe nang, Wc la di chuyen suc nong Oi chuyen suc nang dU’gc the hi$n dU’oi hai nguyen uk – Traa dbi nhi$t giua hai cha’t c6 nhi$t di? kh.k dU’gc ap dyng M 6ng hoan nhi$t ci’m nguyen ta.c tii va may – Gili’ sac nang cua mi?t the khong cho qua V-1t the’ khac Nguyen ta.c dU’gc ap dl:mg de bi? each nhi$t cua tu may lo’ilnh NhU’ V-1Y: vi$c lam l{mh chi co the th1fC hi$n iJ mi?t khoang khong duqc bao b9C kin Cae thiet b! phai c6 ehElt cach nhii;!t bao b9C chung quanh va d6ng kin, cach ly vai moi trU’ong ben ngoai 3 D!nh lu,{lt Khi mot chat a the long chuyen the hai thi se hut di mot nAng lU’gng nhi$t va nAng lugng nhi¢t se thea the hai rna di chuyen Day I:) c1:i.n ban ky thu*t lam t1ng dyng hi$n Trong nganh ky ngh$ cae chat long b6c hai a nhi$t thap, voi ap SU1 Dl;li cudng Hliu d/)ng ca may nen cac h$ th6ng lam lo’ilnh Ie dQng ca cam t1ng ISl-nh dl’ln dyng (tu lo’ilnh, may hoa khong ) dung di;mg ca cam t10g mot pha, thiet bj cong nghi$p thtrOng co cong suilt l&n nen dung dong ca dim U”ng ba pha (104)2 Khai quat ca’u cua dQng cd cam ung D9ng co ciim Ung g6m hai phiin: phAn dUng yen (g(}i 109 stator) va phan quay (g(}i 109 rotor) – Stator g6m co tir lam bAng W tinh va day qwln – Rotor cling g6m co W va day quI "n> ‘\ / ( ( Vbng d6ng hay nh6m -“- ) ” Thanh dfin Hinh 6.1: C.4″u cua rotor IBng s6c Lili thOp Ranh day quan (105)3 Nguyen Iy hOlilt dQng Khi m{>t day qwfn stator dut;Jc n6i v6″i ngu6n xoay dong eh<:ty b=""> day quan se m{>t W truiJng thay d6i d:t qua day trren rotor, cam ll”ng tTell b{> day quoin rotor m{>t suc di¢n d{>ng Do rotor duqc n6i ngdn nha vbng d6ng a hai diu nen co dong cam Li:ng chl}-y rotor, dong W truang Clla stator nen se chju tac dl.,mg mot It!e di¢n W -Lvc di¢n W moment quay lam rotor quay quanh tn,.lC cua n6 Thvc ra, thea nguyen Ii trell thi rotor kh6ng th6 quay duqc vi cac qtc tU CLIa rotor va stator cung dau nen rotor se a thai can bil.Ilg De’ rot.or c6 the’ quay duqe phal c6 m!)t tae dong lam cae eVe W ve m{>t phia (t.hi dl;l: dung tay xoay trl;lc rotor) Luc d6, hlC day cua cac evc cung dIvc ,>tac dQng lam rotor co th6 quay dugc rna khong dung tay quay, g9i la cae phuong phap kh(ii d{>ng cho dQng co cam Li:ng Ill{>t’ pha 4 DQng cd cam U’ng dung day qufin khili dQng Dong ca ca.m ung dung day quan khai dQng thu cong suat nha duoi lkW, dung tro’ng cac born Iy tiim, may nen tu may hoa ‘kh6ng Tli truiJng quay cAn cho khdi di)ng duqc nha hai cUQn day quoin b6 trf tren stator cua dQng ca: cuon day chfIlh va cUQn day khai dong Thubng hai cUQn day c6 tiEit day quan va so’ yang day khae nen gia tr! di¢n trc1 va di¢n cam cung khac Dbng hai cuon day quan se kh6ng trung pha Dong di¢n cuon day ch9-Y (R1-R2 hay A-A’) S8 (106)hay B-B\ Hi(m tllQ’ng pha se tf:l-O W trllong may 1a tU trllong quay 1 B B-1 8 , A . J A j\’ B, Hin.h 6.3: Cu(>n aay ch<:ty a-a="" va="" cu="">n day kh(ii d(lllg B-B· t (107)Sau dong cO” dB: kh6’i dong, tde d(> rotor d’ilt g.1n tde dO mtre thi euOn day khai d(>ng kh6ng dn thiet Trang mng toe dO rotor dHinh 6.5: Quay thuij.n hrcd khdi dQng bfing MQt cach kha’i dQng khac cua dong co cam Ung 1a khoi dong bllng t’:1 dien va dugc chia ba – DQng co dung t’:1 thuang tnjc – DQng co dung t’:1 khai dong – DQng co dung t’:1 thuang tnjc va kh6’i dong a) DQng cd dung thtiang tnj’c: (hinh 6.7) Thudng dung cho cac dQog co co cong sufrt nha duoi 1kW (nhu cae IOl;Li qU81-82 Nhb co ty, dong di$n cu(m day ch<.ly r1r2="" va="" dbng=""> dieo eUQn day khai dQog 8182 se lech pha M t.W truollg quay Dong C(/ Bay co hieu sufrt cao hon cae khae c L R, 8 N Hinh 6.7: Dong co dung t’:1 thuang tnje b) DQng cd dung khdi dQng: (hinh 6.8) (109)d9 rotor tiing d€n khoang % toc d9 djnh mdc se lam hO’ tiep di€m ly tam M ngllt ngu6n V,’l0 cUQn day khdi dQng L N Tu}p di&m Jy tam C 8 Hinh 6.8,: Dt)ng co dung tt,! khdi dQng c· DQng cd dung t1;l khoi dQng va tl:J thu’O’ng tn.tc: (hinh 6.9) dl1Q’c sua’t cao nhl1 d9ng co dung t\l thl1ang tn!c va moment khiJi dt)ng Ian nhu d9ng cd dung tt,! khiJi dt)ng, nguai ta dung khO’i dong vua co t\l thuang tn!c, vua co tl,l khiJi dt)ng thuC1ng tn!c IS t\l ddu Cl co dung nho han, TI,I khO’i dong Iii tt,! hoa C2 co dung IOn hern Ti(p d,cm Iy tdttqc cap dong cuon day chinh R1-R2 va cuon day khiti dong Sl-82 se pha (nha c6 Cl vaC2) Ddu hen, nho co hai C1 C2 song song nen dong vao day khai dong c6 tri s6ldn, se lam cho moment khai dong Urn, Khi rotor quay tilng toc dO gdn toc dinh mUc va lam hO’ tiep diem ly tam, tL,l h6a C2 se dttqc ngri.t kh6i dong tieu thL,l clla dong ca se dttqc gium xu6ng Sau d6, Cl vfin tri t.rong nen moment quay khOng d6’i va Hun tang so c{mg suat cua d(mg ca Trong thlfC te hai day R1-S2 thttong dttqc n6i chung ben va m9t day chung, ky Ia C (Commun), day R1 ky Iii R (run: day SI ky Ia (start: khci”i dong) De’ thay d6i quay cua cac lo:;:ti d9ng ca dung nhirng phap khiti dong tren, ta chi cdn d6i cheo hai dllu day R1-R2 (hay d6i cheo hai d§.u day 81-S2) nhu d9ng ca cam U”ng ca bin 6 Cac hu’ hong cach sU’a chua: ‘” Thong thuang, cuon day khai d9ng dung day quan ti6t nha han, qua’n yang hcrn nen co tra m9t duqc bAng om ke tri 56 Ion han Cuon day chinh (hay cuon chay) dung day quan tie’t di$n Ion hall, qUlln nhieu vbng han n€m tra m9t chieu co s6 nh6 han Khi hai dau day R va se c6 tri 56 di$n trit chung CLla ea hai CUOll day (111)cUQn day ch{ly Phai sinh l{li ti€p ly tam hay thay tiip digm khlic ‘Ivai moi tntong ben ngoai De thlfc hi$n djnh 1, ngu’oi ta ch€ gian hay ngan lam djnh dung gian n6ng d4 giai m6i truong VO tu c6 lop cach nhi$t va dUvai mot ap suit nhu (112)3) d9 clla Hinh chit qua gian tt,I hdi cling giam xuong va Ct di@u ap sua’t cao, lanh chat se chuyen tit the hdi sang the long d0<:tn cuoi="" cua="" gian="" tl="" hdi="" lanh="" cha="" cr="" the="" long="" qua="" khoi="" gial1="" se="" dut="" thong="" chat="" b="" va="" hut="" aill="" udt="" nudc="" boc="" nhb="" th6ng="" rna="" tra="" tinh="" khie="" kh6ng="" lam="" dvong="" dan="" lqc="" de="" d0="" d6ng="" co="" tie="" nhi="" mm="" thuong="" dtiqc="" cuqn="" tron="" g9i="" la="" mao="" van="" tiet="" che="" liinh="" ch="" ap="" b6c="" bi="" caa="" chuye="" clla="" den="" do="" dq="" dqng="" d="" giam="" hap="" hoi="" kern="" khai="" ltit="" luon="" mo="" ng="" sua="" theo="" thi="" thu="" ttiq="" vua="">(Wc Ia ngl1n da tll l<:tnh tll="" kem="" g9i="" gian="" l="" se="" di="" chuyen="" nhi="" suc="" nong="" dua="" khai="" tli="" glan="" iw="" _="" lanh="" .mg="" hu="" i="" j="" ii.p="" thav="" may="" nen="" glnn="" n="" lu="" f.="" cha="" the="" hoi="" kh6i="" gum="" b6c="" a="" mqt="" ap="" suat="" thap="" de="" den="" bng="" hut="" r6i="" chu="" ky="" lam="" dliqc="" tiep="" b="" khong="" t6="" li="" giam="" dan="" dq="">‘” Nhdc lai: 1 MQt chat a the long, a ap sWlt binh thuang, de’ b6c hoi cAn co d(:l du cao Tuy nhifm, neu a ap sua’t thap thl v$-t chat a the long cling eo the boc hoi a nhi¢t d(:l thap Nguyen Jy dligc ap dl,ll1g a gian l2 M(:lt chat d th6 hoi, d ap suit binh thuang, de ngling tl,l the’ long phai eo d9 kha tha’p Tuy nhiEm, neu d dieu ap sua’t cao thl I119t chat a the’ hoi cung co the h6a lOng d nhiGt do? cao Nguyen Iy nliqe ap dl,lng a gian nong, Ml).CH mj):N TRONG TV LANH DONG TUYET 1 Sd d6 n6i day So cl6 hinh 6,11 la so d6 nbi day clla I119t tll h,mh don gian (theo nguyen 1y eli goi la tll dong tuyetl, Den chie’u sang t.ron’g tu co eong uie khien la cong hic a eVa ttl, md cu:a cong tde khong bt de se d6ng ll’).i vii den sang (114)TRAM NOI ,’, PKIGH “, Htnh 6.11: SCI noi day tu dong tuye’t 2) Sd d6 ng’!yen 1y eua (hl.nh 6.12) ,’, CONG CCIA (115)Khi duqc ca’p ngu6n va cong tlic khi€n nhit?t dQ dang d6ng thl dong qua cUQn R c6 trj so 16’n, qua cuon day CLla ret-Ie S8 tac dong keo tie’p CLla ret-Ie khai dong, cuon khai dong cling du:gc cAp Nho hi$n tu:qng l$ch pha, dong co may n€m quay va dong Khi di)ng Cd may nen ho;:tt dQTig 6n djnh, dong qua cUQn ch;:ty giam xuong, kh6ng du hlc hut nen tie’p cua ret-Ie khai dong se bj d§y hi’r Dong Cd van ho;:tt dong blnh thltOng 3) Cae htl’ hong * Khi ti€p cua rd-le kh6i dQng khong d6ng dl1t;1c, dong di$n khong qua khoi dQng S, dQng cel kh6ng quay, dong qua cuon ch;:ty R v§.n giG” gi::i trt Ion ban dau Sau thai gian khoang 5-10 giay, bi) baa v$ qua tai OL se ngilt mcd may nen du:gc cAp ngu5n nhU’ng kh6ng hO phi;l.n bao qua tai bj chay Truong hgp khac co xay 1a cUQn chTV LJ).NH CO TRO xA TUYET (116)0″, -,Il “‘X”‘:: COA Hinh§ 13: Sa d6 noi day tl’l co tra xa tuyet 2) SO’ nguyen If (hinh 6.14) Trong sa d6 nguyen ly ve cong U1c clla dang kin (khi rna cua) HE!ll C}) ba clEm S8 sang Khi cong tiic di&u d9 (Thermostat) d6ng thl di$n tra xa t.uye’t bj noi tAt Khi Thermostat ha, dong di$n se qua cli$n tra xa tuye’t, qua b9 bao v4 OL, qua d{i.y CR va eU9n day ella role khai dQng Lue do, may nell kh6ng dQng, nhi$t dQ di$n tra xi tuyet tTR xA IUy£’T ElleN mIJinh ELi: So d6 m.!1-ch co tn1 xa tuyet *6.7· DIJ):N eVA TV U\.NH eVA (2 NGAN) Tu cua g9i 18 tu ng.1n, ngan tren la ng.1n lam dB l.!1-nh, ng.1n dtioi dEi chua thifc ph.im dn bao quan a d(> thilp (khoimg lOoC -0- 15ilC) Tii ngoai chuc n.1ng lam lam da c6 b(> xu tuy6t W d(>ng, dit’iu ti€t d(> 11m, sl10i a’0l roong lam kin clia til (118)DtN rRDNG CONG rA.c NGAH tANH OEN QUAI NGAN lANH cONG rAe DEN NG.o\N oA sO Sttll I AM ellA 21 • u i j 8lur “” B’A,CK OI€N fRO ROONG eLrA “” eo xA TUY(T , t BlUE 0″,’ NGAN 0.0, OlEN TRI’! IMER xA TlfVE”T ” J ,” HinhJi.l!i.: Sa d6 n6i day tLi ngan Trang sa db neli day hinh 6.15, day n6i co ghi ro ffiaU sSd d6 nguyen Iy: (hlnh 6.16 ) RU RIGE RII TOR F REEZEfI SCHEM TIC ;-r, DEN TRONG Ci’lNG rAc DEN NG.4.lj l.a.NH D” NG.4.N IlA ;-r, C1’lNG T Ac I ‘ QUAT DEN NGAN D .w n) KHCIi • COOG TAc Di”‘:’::-” ,E: L _ J 1 -, – -1 , : olEN TRO ROONG CUA , , , IlltN TIlel : TIMER xII TLly£’r , , , , , , ” NGM’I LANH OVEIILOIID “on BO sLll +- (120)Khi cdp ngu6n cho tu th6’i ngan da, tra roong clla va ui? stidi i’lm cVa dti9’C cAp Theo sa d6, cac CVa ngAn va ngan da dang d6ng HEm cac cbng hic a tn;mg thai hCt, cac den se tdt Neu mer cu-a, COllg ta.c d6ng va dEm sang Timer (bo dtnh th1) se khien cap cho may nen hay di$n tro- xci tuyet Gici su- cap di$n tiep diEim 3-4 cua timer dang dong, qua role kho-i dong nguon di$n sc dtiac cap cho may nell hay tn] xa tuyet Gia sLr dong tiep diem 3-4 cua timer dang dong, qua ra-Ie ngu6n dien se du9’c ca’p cho may nen ong thlfC hi$n nguyen Iy lam l’.lnh ThlfC ra, truac ra-Ie khcri d ngAn dn giam dC’n mue chinh djnh trel1 Thermostat thi ti€p nhi$t Sf! ho M ngrit l1gu6n cilp cho nHiy nen, may nen ngl1ng h0′.1t dOng • KHI MAy NEN HOAT DONG RELAY KHlll DONG • (121)Chu ky lam cua timer se thy thuQc theo tUng nha san xuat Thong thl1ong, timer se d6i thai tie’p lam h& 3-4 va d6ng 3-1 khoang 20 phut sau lam vi$c dl1qc gio Mqt h$ thong cam Hip trell trl,lc dQng Cd dinh thi (timer motor) quay gi6 dl1qc mqt vimg Cam se tac dqug len cong de khie’n M dong di$n cho di$n tra xa tuye’t khoang 20 phut Lue d6, may nEm bj dt ngu6n nen IlgLillg hO<:1t dqng="" va="" m="" khi.="" xa="" tuye="" biing="" thermostat="" theo="" nguyen="" ly="" lam="" vi="" di="" tro="" se="">dl1qc cap di$n 20 phut sau gio hO<:lt dqng="" bat="" kg="" la="" c6="" hay="" kh6ng="" co="" tuyet="" thermostat="" cam="" lanh="" r="" relay="" khllr="" oong="" may="" nen="" tro="">xA TUYtT (122)nay nM san xu6t eai tien nguyen d.e tn1 xa tuyet bAng mQt Thermostat Tiep eua Thermostat chi dong dQ eLla ngAn dA giam den trj s6 ehinh dinh Lue do, dQng co dinh thi mdi dLfge clip nguon quay cam tren tr”,e dQng co lam hiJ tiep 1-4 va dong tiep diem 1-2 khoang 25 phut de ea’p ngu6n eho tn1 xii tuyet Sau d6 tiep diem 1-4 loAy VAN SOUN010 f – – – – nQV·AC (123)Sau m{lt thai gian lam thich ling eua may nen, earn tren tn:lc cua dQng co djnh thi se tac d9ng lam ho- tie’p 3-4, d6ng tiep 3-2 Lue d6, van solenoid (van tU dung cu{ln day hut (ILrqc cap duqc cap nguan se rna van dua m9t lugng nong tu§.n holm qua b{l ehuy€n d6i hoi di qua cac b{l c6 tuyet bam M lam tan tuyet !6.S· cAc Hu’ HONG – CACH SUA CHUA D6i vai til lsa da nguyen If cila tli tieu bieu (hinh 6.16) eho thay cac thiet b! chinh tieu thJ,l di(!n dugc n6i song song nhau, cac bQ dieu khien hay kh6ng che’, bao se dugc n6i tie’p vai cae; thie’t hi tieu thl,! Cae hu hong thuallg g$.p 1;\: 1- Den a ngl1n hay ngl1n da khong sang Nguyen nhan eo the cong tAe ella bt ho- tiep diem, cong tiic bi hay den dtit tim 2- QUtra mot chieu clla ho day qUfrn dOng eo ne’u tr& co tri so bll.ng vo cIfc n :bQ day qua”n hi dUt, ne’u di&n tnJ co so’ qua nhO· ho day qUfrn hi (tr! s6 tot khoang 580) (124)Dung ohm ke de’ dong cd qU’.lt nhu tren, trj so trO’ t6t khoang 57[2 4- Dong co qU’.1t vAn lam nhung may nen kh6ng ch’.lY: co the’ ref-Ie bao qua trii (over-load) b! hu, khO’i dong bj dUt, ra-Ie khai dong b1 hu hay dQng Cd may nen bj hu ng; xac d!nh hi> nao hu phai dung ohm ke rieng tUng phln, t.rong CUOIl day khai dong co t.ra nh6 khoang In – 2[2, cUQn day ch’.lY co tn)’ khoang 120 5- Trong ngan da c6 d6ng tuyet cang thong t.l/ dong xii tuy6t kh6ng Hun Truong hqp Hay co the’ dien treT xii tuyet bj dUt {it xay ral hay timeT xri tuye’t bi hu (thUOllg han) Trang timer xa tuye’t co th6ng cam va doug Cef cua timer, co the thao timer d6 kiem tra nhung thu0ng nguoi ta thay timer khac vi gia timer rat rt? (khoang vai chl;lC ngan d6ng), Tr€m day la nhi1ng hu hong thuong gi1lP tren thong ella tu l’.lnh Vai may da nang VOM (chll yeu ia Volt ke AC va Ohm ke), ta co the t.ra cac thiet bj ttl (125)CHUONG DQNG CO NANG – MAy KHOAN “.1· DONG cO Vi).N NANG 1 Cdu tgo Dong co VHinh 7.1: Call tao eua dong elf !)[I![ IICing D(lug co nang 13 doug co c6 dae die”Ill dl1qc moment ma may lon, so voi cae loai dong co kh– Stator: Can gQi 13 phAn cam, thl/e cha1 180 mQt nam cham thuong 180 hai cl/c tlf I6i, e6 qulln cac cUQn day M tlf tn1ong – Rotor: Can gQi 1:1 phan ti’ng, gam hi tMp ky ghep kh6i xung quanh duqc xe riinh, day quin dliqc trai quanh loi thep theo tUng dl,mg, cae d§.u day noi e6 g6p m<:leh kin="">– cd gop Duqe ca”u W phien dang ghep l<:ii va="" duqe="" each="" dqc="" vdi="" nhi="" vj="" cua="" e6="" gop="" is="" eung="" ea="" di="" vao="" pha.n="" ti="" dang="" thb="" ke="">hqp vdi choi than de d6i dong di$n, gilt cho quay eLla rotor kh6ng dei 2 Nguyen ly hot;lt dQng D(lng co nang co cae duong thAng (trJ,lc) d!)e ke’t cAu eLla dQng CC/ nhu sau: – Duong thAng di qua gilta hai cl/c tit clla stator, g9i la trJ,lc Cl/C tit cua stator – Duong thAng vuong goc vdi trJ,lc ct!c W clla stator mqt gac 90° di$n, duqc g9i la duong trung tinh hinh h9c – Dlio-ng tha.ng qua hai trJ,lc clla ch6i than gQi la trJ,lc choi than (127)day se chtu m(lt h/c dii;!n tit tlic dJ,lng moment quay lam quay rotor – – – – Trun,g linh hlnh me True erril than Truec1Jt tU’Sulor Khi ta cung cAp ngu6n di¢n mQt cho dQng co, dQng co se lam theo quay nao d6 (chieu quay phJ,l thuQc huang dong di¢n qua ph ->-> F i.B (128)d hai iugng i va D cung d6i huang mot hic thi h!c F vdn giu nguyen chieu quay ban dau Do di;l.c diem nay, nen ta cung cap ngu6n di$n xoay chieu vao dOng Cd nang, gici sli dOng cd cd chieu quay ban dfiu d ban ky ducmg ngu6n di$n, sang den ban ky am dong di$n qua dong ca deli huang l1gua ban ky am cung nhu a ban ky duang, We la d(mg Cd dn trl chieu quay ban dau Val cach giai t.hich trcn, ta hii’iu duqc Iy vi dQng Cd v;:m Mmg Hun vi$c dltng ca dVa vilo nguyen 1y giam di$n ap bAng cuon sfi, thlt(1ng quan chung voi day quan phl:ln cam 3 (jng dlJ.ng eua d¢ng eCl nang Cong suat cua d(mg ca nang thuong dudi lkW, d6 dOng ca duac ling dl,lng cac thie’t bi gia dl,lllg nhu may hut bl,li, IDay xay tnii diy, may xay thjt, khoan di$n, lIlay may Ngoai fa, cong nghi$p t.a co U’ng dl,lng d(:lng cd Vca Va ca hai ban ky phai dUI1C kieh a c,!C G thea titng ban kY M 220V IkO VR 20kQ Triac 4700 Hlnh 7.2: dieu chi.nh t6c dO dOng cd khoan di$n Ty ke’t hl1P tn1 kn va bie”o trd VR = 20 kn ,n<:j rc="" de="" thai="" gian="" tre="" cho="" xung="" kich="" c="" g="" cua="" triac="" bien="" trd="" vr="" c6="" trj="" so="" nm="" ty="" nhanh="" som="" diin="" s6m="" dong="" di="" qua="" co="" ldn="" dqng="" quay="" voi="" toc="" do="" ng11i1c="" l="" bie="" tri="" lon="" vdi="" toe="" d="" thap="" tra="" dul1c="" thie="" ke="" ohu="" cai="" sung="" neu="" bop="" nhl="" thl="" t6e="" dg="" thffp="" m="" t6c="" cao="" ehinh="" va="" on="" eo="" vm="" nang="">1) Sd d6 L 600V 0,1″”1 220V + 100 “,’ 1 39kO D, D, 68kn G 12 kO 2 220 0 100 kO Q, 3,3 kO Htnh 7.6: chi’nh va 6n dinh tac dQ dQng co nAng 2) Nguyen ly Khi rna diad D] nAn ban ky dt1O’llg ntilP VRO tl,l lOOJ.1F ap dugc treD tl,l co trt s6 thuQc tn;mg thai dJin hay ye’u eua transistor Ql Bie’n tra lOOka chinh phan eve cho QJ, QI dan cang thi di$n ap T, (131)tren t1,l, cung 18 ap CE clla QJ, c6 tT! s6 dmg tha’p, va ngU:Q’c ap tren t1,l lOOI-lF cap phan ql’c cho cl,i’c B clla transistor Q2 Tu do, suy VE2 va ap sau diad D;j ap dung kich cho triac cOng suilt d€i c§p cho dOng cd nAng Q2 Ia transistor co ap VCEO cao hdn 220V nay c6 tlic d1,lng 6n d!nh t6c dQ dQng co dtja tren nguyen ly sau: • Khi dQng Cd quay se cho di$n ap cam Ung diflt vao chan T, cua triac N€u d{lng Cd bi giam toc do (co th€i t.iii tAng lam VT! gi.iim, D3 se dfrn dong kich cho triac Dong qua triac ti’ing len se lam tAng toc dO d{lng Cd len nhU: cu • N€u dQng cd tAng t6c di) (co thg; tai giam xuong) lam Vr1 tAng, D:j bi phan ctjc ngu:gc se ngung din va triac khong dugc kich se ngung din, giam dbng cilp cho di)ng cd, t6c dO dOng giam xuong nhU: cu Nhu vij.y, toc d9 di)ng Cd dugc giu on dinh a m9t muc trung binh tllY thu9c vi trl chinh cua bie’n tra 100kO (132)TAl TIIAM KHAO L Linh khiEln – Di¢n rn¢t cong Nguyen Ta’n Phu:oc, NXB Thanh phil H6 Chi Minh 2002 2 tli U”ng dl:mg ding – Nguyen Ta’n PhlfOC, NXB Thanh H6 Chi Minh 2001 3 SiYa chua thl,fc hanh Kg thul)t Quang Phuc, NXB Thong ke 2002 Giao trinh Cung dip (133)mAo TRINH SUA CHUA THIET m TU GIA DlJNG Trang Uri noi diiu Chu’dng 1: chie’u sang 1.1- Cae khai chie’u sang 1.2- Cae lo;;ti den chie’u sang 1.3- clEm khie’n mQt noi, noi 7 Chtidng 2: Tinh toan ph\’ tai – Tinh ChQD day ddn 32 2.1- C6ng – C6ng stlift – nilng 2.2- Tinh toan phl,l tai hQ gia dinh – Tinh ch9ll day d§.n 2.3- Phl,lil,lC cap dien va day diln 2.4- Thiet dong ngiit va Ma Chtidng 3: Cong td di’;;n mQt pha, ba pha C6u cua cong to 3.2- Nguyen Ii lam 3.3- Ky trEm cong to 3.4- tra va chroh cong to” dii;!n 3.5- each mAc cong to dii;!n 3.6- Do nAng cua tai ba pha (134)Cht1dng 4: May nglit bao ddt va ch6ng gii)t 56 4.1- BQ biEi”n dong 4.2- May ngAt bao ehIf di@u khi€n va on dinh 5.4- La nUdng 5.5- May nude nong Cht1dng 6: th6ng tii 6.1- Khai co ban v@ nguyen If lam lIf lam l 7.3- MCVA CUNG TAc GIA GiAO TRINH }-)lLN TLr KY THL’AT 1) -Linh ki¢n ll!¢n n’f 2) -M,H:h di¢n lit” I 1) M:,tch di¢n LU -4′) -M;,leh tiI – 5) -M • 1Ch so’ -lap I :2 6) -M’lch (ll'(lng tlf * GIAO TRI!’.’H mi:N TV C()NG NGHlr:p I) Linh ki’;n dieu khi6n :::OJ -Ky Lhu;!l xlmg (an han n:1ngc:.lll 3) -I-)i(‘n ltt [/ng d\lllg [rong elmg T:1p 1 4) – F)i¢n tu ung dung c6ng np 2 5) – Hi¢n Iltc-5ng su5’t * GrAo TRli’iH f)ILN CONG NGHIi:1′ I) -Di’;nkYthll:1l :n -Do Ittl1ng ui¢!l va kh6ng (li¢n 3) – Khi ql di¢n – Cain hie’n 4) -Trang bi lIit;’n * GIAO mf:N TV nr f)()NG H(lA 1) -(fng u\.lng PLC Siemens vil Modlerlrong tlfd(mg Ma 21 – Tu’ d6ng h(‘;J n1i PLC v:1 Inverter dIU OmnHl 3) trlnh tlt d(lJIg hua n’lj PLC 57-lOU ella Sicmcm 4) – elm hien -ling d1,lIlg lrllng ltt{‘1ng va di6u khi6n (loll banlan Ihl( x) (Iai han l;in 1M J) (tai b:ln 1’1n thl1 J) (sip xUal han) (s5:r XII:1t h:llli Ida xliit hi”n) (tji ban l;in thl(4) Ilji ball Ian thu,J) (tal h:ln Idn thu J) (sdp :>:.uffl han) xuffl hCtn) J(ual b:ll1) har J(Ll:1t han) (sdp xual biin) (s;:\p xu:’i’t ban) (({li ban Idn lh(( 2) (oa xU:11 han) xuj’t biin) xuat hon) 5) -Trang bi di(!n kh6ng tier difm-‘Ibang !njy ning nghi(!p (sdr xu5’t h5n) ‘” mAo TRlNH DA Y – HUCING NGHlt;P (kh6 t-J\20) 11″ Slb l:hlra Thiel hi lJien Di?n ti’r gia dung (d.1 xui’t hilll) (136)? – ‘ ” SUA CHUA THIET Bl DIEN – DIEN ” TV GIA DUNG NGUYEN TAN PHudc LE VAN8ANG trach xuat ban: TS QUACH THU NGUYJj:T Bien YEN THAD Bia: 8ila ban in: QuYNH LAM NHA XUAT BAN TRE 1618 Li Chlnh Tlilng – – TP H6 Chi Minh DT: 9316289 – 9316211 – 6465596 – 9350973, Fax: 08.8437450 E-mail: nxbtre@hcm.vnn.vn Website: http://www.nxbtre.oom.vn CHI NHANH NHA XUAT BAN TRE HA NOI So 20 ngo 91 Nguyen Chf Thanh – £)ong £)a – Ha N¢i ElT : (04) 7734544 Fax: (04) 7734544 E-mail: vanphongnxbtre@hn.vnn.vn (137) – Xem thêm –

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