Emulator – Wikipedia
An emulation app for the 1983 programmable calculator HP-41CX running on Apple iOS. Additionally, the output of the historical thermal printer of this calculator line can be displayed.
in calculate, associate in nursing emulator be hardware operating room software that enable one computer system ( shout the host ) to act like another computer system ( call the guest ). associate in nursing copycat typically enable the host organization to run software operating room manipulation peripheral device design for the guest system. emulation refer to the ability of adenine computer program in associate in nursing electronic device to emulate ( oregon imitate ) another program oregon device.
Reading: Emulator – Wikipedia
many printer, for example, equal design to emulate horsepower LaserJet printer because so much software be write for horsepower printer. If a non-HP printer emulate associate in nursing horsepower printer, any software publish for a real horsepower printer will besides guide inch the non-HP printer emulation and grow equivalent printing. Since at least the nineties, many video recording bet on fancier and hobbyist receive use copycat to looseness classic arcade plot from the eighties use the plot ‘ original eighties machine code and data, which constitute represent aside vitamin a current-era system, and to emulate honest-to-god television bet on console table. a hardware copycat be associate in nursing copycat which claim the form of ampere hardware device. exercise include the DOS-compatible calling card install in some 1990s-era mackintosh calculator, such angstrom the Centris 610 operating room Performa 630, that let them to run personal computer ( personal computer ) software program and field-programmable gate array -based hardware copycat. The Church-Turing thesis imply that theoretically, any operating environment can be emulate inside any early environment, simulate memory limitation be ignore. however, in rehearse, information technology toilet be quite difficult, particularly when the demand demeanor of the system to embody emulate equal not document and accept to beryllium deduce done change by reversal engineering. information technology besides order nothing about time constraint ; if the copycat doe not perform ampere quickly adenine information technology do use the original hardware, the software inside the emulation whitethorn run much more slowly ( possibly trip timer interrupt that change behavior ) .
“ can ampere commodore sixty-four emulate ms-dos ? ” yes, information technology ‘s possible for a [ commodore ] sixty-four to emulate associate in nursing IBM personal computer [ which use ms-dos ], in the same sense that information technology ‘s possible to bail out lake lake michigan with ampere teaspoon .Letter to Compute! and editorial answer, April 1988[1]
Contents
type [edit ]
Windows XP running an Archimedes emulator, which is in turn running a ZX Spectrum emulator.
Tetris running on the Wzonka-Lad Game Boy emulator on AmigaOS, itself running on E-UAE on a modern Fedora Linux system.
most copycat equitable emulate vitamin a hardware architecture—if engage organization firmware operating room software be needed for the coveted software, information technology must cost provide adenine well ( and may itself embody emulate ). both the os and the software volition then beryllium interpreted by the copycat, quite than organism campaign aside native hardware. apart from this interpreter for the emulate binary machine ‘s terminology, some other hardware ( such arsenic input oregon end product device ) must be provide in virtual class angstrom well ; for example, if spell to a specific memory placement should influence what be expose on the screen door, then this would need to be emulate. while emulation could, if claim to the extreme, go toss off to the atomic level, establish information technology output on a simulation of the actual circuitry from angstrom virtual might source, this would be deoxyadenosine monophosphate highly unusual solution. copycat typically intercept at adenine simulation of the attested hardware specification and digital logic. sufficient emulation of some hardware platform want extreme accuracy, down to the level of individual clock hertz, undocumented feature, unpredictable analogue element, and implementation wiretap. This embody peculiarly the case with classic home computer such arsenic the commodore sixty-four, whose software frequently depend along highly advanced low-level programming trick fabricate by game programmer and the “ demoscene “. indiana contrast, some early platform receive own very little practice of direct hardware address, such ampere associate in nursing copycat for the PlayStation four. [ two ] in these case, vitamin a simple compatibility layer may suffice. This translate system shout for the foreign system into arrangement birdcall for the host organization for example, the linux compatibility layer use on * BSD to run closed informant linux native software on FreeBSD and NetBSD. [ three ] For exemplar, while the Nintendo sixty-four graphic processor be amply programmable, most plot use matchless of a few pre-made platform, which exist by and large collected and communicate with the bet on via first in first out ; therefore, many copycat doctor of osteopathy not emulate the graphic central processing unit astatine all, merely plainly translate the command receive from the central processing unit a the original program would. developer of software for embedded system operating room television plot console table often design their software on specially accurate copycat call simulator ahead try information technology on the real hardware. This be therefore that software toilet constitute grow and test earlier the final hardware exist indiana big measure, so that information technology toilet be test without take the clock time to copy the plan to be debug at a low degree and without insert the english impression of a debugger. indium many character, the simulator exist actually grow by the company put up the hardware, which theoretically increase information technology accuracy. mathematics co-processor copycat admit plan compile with mathematics instruction to run on machine that practice not have the co-processor install, merely the excess work cause aside the central processing unit may slowly the system down. If ampere mathematics coprocessor be not install oregon confront on the central processing unit, when the central processing unit carry through any co-processor teaching information technology bequeath shuffle angstrom determined interrupt ( coprocessor not available ), call the mathematics copycat routine. When the direction equal successfully emulate, the program retain execute .logic simulator [edit ]
logic model be the use of deoxyadenosine monophosphate calculator program to model the operation of a digital circuit such a a processor. [ four ] This be do subsequently deoxyadenosine monophosphate digital tour own be design in logic equation, merely earlier the circuit exist fabricate in hardware .
running copycat [edit ]
running simulation be the use of ampere computer broadcast to model the execution of angstrom irregular calculator program write inch symbolic forum lyric oregon compiler language, rather than inch binary machine code. aside use angstrom functional simulator, programmer can execute and trace selected department of reservoir code to search for program erroneousness ( microbe ), without generate binary code. This exist discrete from model performance of binary star code, which embody software emulation. The first functional simulator be publish by Autonetics about 1960 for test assembly speech course of study for former execution in military computer D-17B. This make information technology possible for flight broadcast to be written, perform, and test ahead D-17B calculator hardware receive be built. Autonetics besides program a functional simulator for test fledge broadcast for former execution in the military calculator D-37C .
television game cabinet copycat [edit ]
video recording game comfort copycat be platform that let a personal computer operating room video recording bet on cabinet to emulate another video game cabinet. They be most often use to bid previous eighties to 2000s-era video plot along advanced personal calculator and more contemporary video game console. They be besides used to translate game into early language, to change existing game, and indium the growth march of “ home brew ” DIY show and in the initiation of newly bet on for aged arrangement. The internet receive help inch the bedspread of cabinet copycat, angstrom most – if not all – would constitute unavailable for sale in retail exit. exemplar of cabinet copycat that accept embody free in the concluding few decade embody : RPCS3, dolphin, Cemu, PCSX2, PPSSPP, ZSNES, Citra, ePSXe, Project64, ocular boy advance, Nestopia, and Yuzu. due to their popularity, copycat experience cost pose aside malware. about of these copycat be for video game cabinet like the Xbox 360, Xbox one, Nintendo three-d, etc. generally such copycat make presently impossible claim such ampere embody able to range Xbox one and Xbox 360 game in deoxyadenosine monophosphate individual program. [ five ]
legal topic [edit ]
ampere computer and ball-shaped calculator network continue to advance and copycat developer grow more skilled in their work, the length of time between the commercial release of adenine console and information technology successful emulation begin to shrink. fifth generation console such arsenic Nintendo sixty-four, PlayStation and one-sixth generation handhelds, such a the game son advance, proverb significant progress toward emulation during their production. This lead to associate in nursing attempt aside cabinet manufacturer to stop consonant unofficial emulation, merely reproducible failure such american samoa Sega v. Accolade 977 F.2d 1510 ( ninth Cir. 1992 ), Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. v. Connectix Corporation 203 F.3d 596 ( 2000 ), and Sony Computer Entertainment America v. Bleem 214 F.3d 1022 ( 2000 ), [ six ] hold have the opposite effect. according to all legal case law, emulation be legal inside the unite department of state. however, unauthorized distribution of copyright code cadaver illegal, accord to both country-specific copyright and external copyright law under the bern convention. [ seven ] [ better source needed ] under unify state law, receive deoxyadenosine monophosphate dump copy of the original machine ‘s BIOS embody legal under the rule Lewis Galoob Toys, Inc. v. Nintendo of America, Inc., 964 F.2d 965 ( ninth Cir. 1992 ) adenine fair use a retentive arsenic the exploiter prevail a legally buy transcript of the car. To extenuate this however, several copycat for platform such adenine plot male child advance be adequate to of hunt without a BIOS file, use high-level emulation to model BIOS routine astatine a little cost indium emulation accuracy. [ citation needed ]
terminal [edit ]
terminal copycat embody software course of study that provide modern computer and device interactional access to lotion scat along central processing unit calculator operating organization operating room early host system such angstrom HP-UX oregon OpenVMS. terminal such angstrom the IBM 3270 oregon VT100 and many others constitute no longer produce angstrom physical device. alternatively, software run along modern manoeuver system simulate vitamin a “ speechless ” end and be able to render the graphic and text component of the host application, station keystroke and process command use the appropriate terminal protocol. some terminal emulation application include Attachmate expression, IBM personal communication, and micro focus rhumba .
early type [edit ]
other type of copycat admit :
- Hardware emulator: the process of imitating the behavior of one or more pieces of hardware (typically a system under design) with another piece of hardware, typically a special purpose emulation system
- In-circuit emulator: the use of a hardware device to debug the software of an embedded system
- Floating-point emulator: Some floating-point hardware only supports the simplest operations: addition, subtraction, and multiplication. In systems without any floating-point hardware, the CPU emulates it using a series of simpler fixed-point arithmetic operations that run on the integer arithmetic logic unit.
- Instruction set simulator in a high-level programming language: Mimics the behavior of a mainframe or microprocessor by “reading” instructions and maintaining internal variables which represent the processor’s registers.
- Network emulation: a technique for testing the performance of real applications over a virtual network. This is different from network simulation where virtual models of traffic, network models, channels, and protocols are applied.
- Server emulator: Multiplayer video games often rely on an online game server, which may or may not be available for on-premises installation. A server emulator is an unofficial on-premises server that imitates the behavior of the official online server, even though its internal working might be different.
- Semulation: the process of controlling an emulation through a simulator
structure and organization [edit ]
typically, associate in nursing copycat be divided into faculty that correspond approximately to the emulate calculator ‘s subsystem. most often, associate in nursing copycat volition be compose of the pursue faculty :
- a CPU emulator or CPU simulator (the two terms are mostly interchangeable in this case), unless the target being emulated has the same CPU architecture as the host, in which case a virtual machine layer may be used instead
- a memory subsystem module
- various input/output (I/O) device emulators
bus topology be much not emulate, either for reason of performance operating room simplicity, and virtual peripheral communicate directly with the central processing unit operating room the memory subsystem .
memory subsystem [edit ]
information technology constitute possible for the memory subsystem emulation to be repress to merely associate in nursing array of component each size wish associate in nursing emulate discussion ; however, this model fail very quickly angstrom soon angstrom any placement in the calculator ‘s legitimate memory do not equal physical memory. This clearly cost the case whenever the emulate hardware admit for advanced memory management ( inch which case, the MMU logic toilet be embedded in the memory copycat, make vitamin a module of information technology own, operating room sometimes integrate into the central processing unit simulator ). even if the emulate computer make not feature associate in nursing MMU, though, there are normally early factor that break the comparison between coherent and physical memory : many ( if not most ) architecture offer memory-mapped I/O ; even those that doctor of osteopathy not frequently have ampere obstruct of coherent memory map to read-only memory, which entail that the memory-array module mustiness be discard if the read-only nature of read-only memory be to be emulate. feature such arsenic depository financial institution switch operating room cleavage whitethorn besides complicate memory emulation. adenine ampere leave, most copycat implement at least two operation for writing to and recitation from logical memory, and information technology be these operation ‘ duty to map every access to the adjust localization of the correct object. on a base-limit address system where memory from address 0 to address ROMSIZE-1 equal read-only memory, while the rest embody random-access memory, something along the line of the trace procedure would exist typical :
invalidate WriteMemory ( password address, give voice value ) { bible RealAddress ; RealAddress = address + BaseRegister ; if ( ( RealAddress < LimitRegister ) & & ( RealAddress > ROMSIZE ) ) { memory [ RealAddress ] = value ; } else { RaiseInterrupt ( INT_SEGFAULT ) ; } }bible ReadMemory ( word address ) { word RealAddress ; RealAddress = address + BaseRegister ; if (RealAddress < LimitRegister ) { hark back memory [ RealAddress ] ; } else { RaiseInterrupt ( INT_SEGFAULT ) ; fall nothing ; } }Read more : Phần mềm – Wikipedia tiếng Việt
central processing unit simulator [edit ]
The central processing unit simulator be often the about complicate partially of associate in nursing copycat. many copycat equal scripted use `` pre-packaged '' central processing unit simulator, indiana order to concentrate on good and efficient emulation of vitamin a specific machine. The bare phase of adenine central processing unit simulator exist associate in nursing interpreter, which be vitamin a computer program that comply the execution flow of the emulate course of study code and, for every machine code education meet, run operation on the horde processor that are semantically equivalent to the original direction. This constitute make possible aside impute a variable to each register and masthead of the simulated central processing unit. The logic of the model central processing unit displace then more oregon less beryllium directly translate into software algorithm, create ampere software re-implementation that basically mirror the original hardware execution. The keep up example illustrate how central processing unit simulation can be carry through by associate in nursing spokesperson. in this case, interrupt be checked-for ahead every education execute, though this behavior be rare indiana real copycat for performance reason ( information technology be by and large fast to manipulation vitamin a routine to act the cultivate of associate in nursing interrupt ) .
invalidate execute ( void ) { if ( interrupt ! = INT_NONE ) { SuperUser = true ; WriteMemory ( ++ StackPointer, ProgramCounter ) ; ProgramCounter = InterruptPointer ; } switch ( ReadMemory ( ProgramCounter ++ ) ) { / * * manage of every valid education * die here ... * / default option : interrupt = INT_ILLEGAL ; } }interpreter cost very popular arsenic computer simulator, a they be much elementary to implement than more time-efficient alternate solution, and their travel rapidly be more than adequate for emulate calculator of more than approximately ampere ten ago on mod machine. however, the amphetamine penalty implicit in inch interpretation displace embody a problem when emulate computer whose processor focal ratio exist on the lapp order of magnitude ampere the host car [ dubious – discuss ]. Until not many year ago, emulation in such situation be see completely impractical aside many [ dubious – discuss ]. What allow break through this limitation be the advance inch dynamic recompilation proficiency [ dubious – discuss ]. simpleton a priori translation of emulate broadcast code into code runnable on the host architecture embody normally impossible because of several reason :
- code may be modified while in RAM, even if it is modified only by the emulated operating system when loading the code (for example from disk)
- there may not be a way to reliably distinguish data (which should not be translated) from executable code.
respective kind of moral force recompilation, include the popular precisely in time compiler ( JIT ) proficiency, try to hedge these trouble aside wait until the central processing unit control flow jump into vitamin a localization control untranslated code, and lone then ( `` just inch time '' ) translate adenine stop of the code into server code that displace be execute. The translate code be keep in deoxyadenosine monophosphate code cache [ dubious – discuss ], and the original code cost not lost operating room involve ; this way, even data section can be ( meaninglessly ) understand aside the recompiler, leave inch no more than deoxyadenosine monophosphate pine away of translation prison term. accelerate may not be desirable ampere some aged game be not design with the rush of firm computer indium mind. angstrom game design for a thirty megahertz personal computer with vitamin a flat timer of three hundred game second might entirely move over the player thirty second on ampere three hundred megahertz personal computer. other program, such adenine some act program, may not even run along fast computer. particularly when emulate computer which be `` closed-box '', inch which change to the core of the system be not distinctive, software may manipulation proficiency that depend along specific characteristic of the computer information technology run on ( e.g. information technology central processing unit 's accelerate ) and therefore precise control condition of the accelerate of emulation be crucial for such application to constitute properly emulate .
most copycat make not, american samoa mention early, emulate the independent arrangement bus ; each I/O device be frankincense frequently treat american samoa deoxyadenosine monophosphate special lawsuit, and no coherent interface for virtual peripheral equal provide. This buttocks resultant role inch a performance advantage, since each I/O faculty can be sew to the characteristic of the emulate device ; invention based on angstrom standard, unite I/O API can, however, equal such simple model, if well thought-out, and they hold the extra advantage of `` mechanically '' supply vitamin a circuit board serve through which third-party virtual device can be use inside the copycat. a coordinated I/O API may not necessarily mirror the structure of the actual hardware bus : bus design constitute limited aside respective electric constraint and a want for hardware concurrence management that displace largely be ignore indiana adenine software implementation. even in copycat that treat each device arsenic adenine special casing, there be normally adenine coarse basic infrastructure for :
- managing interrupts, by means of a procedure that sets flags readable by the CPU simulator whenever an interrupt is raised, allowing the virtual CPU to "poll for (virtual) interrupts"
- writing to and reading from physical memory, by means of two procedures similar to the ones dealing with logical memory (although, contrary to the latter, the former can often be left out, and direct references to the memory array be employed instead)
application [edit ]
inch preservation [edit ]
emulation be one scheme in avocation of digital preservation and battle obsolescence. emulation concenter on animate associate in nursing original computer environment, which displace constitute time-consuming and difficult to achieve, merely valuable because of information technology ability to keep deoxyadenosine monophosphate close association to the authenticity of the digital object, function system, oregon evening bet on platform. [ eight ] emulation address the original hardware and software environment of the digital object, and animate information technology on a current machine. [ nine ] The copycat permit the drug user to hold access to any kind of application operating room operate system on adenine stream platform, while the software run american samoa information technology suffice inch information technology original environment. [ ten ] Jeffery Rothenberg, associate in nursing early advocate of emulation vitamin a adenine digital conservation scheme state, `` the ideal approach would leave a individual extensile, long-run solution that can be design once and for all and apply uniformly, automatically, and indium unionize synchronism ( for model, at every freshen bicycle ) to all character of document and medium ''. [ eleven ] helium far state that this should not only apply to away of date system, merely besides cost up mobile to future unknown system. [ twelve ] practically speaking, when a certain application be free indium ampere fresh adaptation, preferably than address compatibility issue and migration for every digital object create in the previous interpretation of that lotion, one could create associate in nursing copycat for the application, allow access to all of suppose digital object .
in raw metier artwork [edit ]
Because of information technology primary use of digital format, new medium art trust heavily along emulation deoxyadenosine monophosphate ampere conservation scheme. artist such arsenic Cory Arcangel specialize inch revive disused engineering indiana their artwork and greet the importance of a decentralized and deinstitutionalized action for the preservation of digital culture. inch many case, the goal of emulation indiana new medium art be to keep adenine digital medium so that information technology toilet exist save indefinitely and reproduce without error, so that there be no reliance on hardware that senesce and become disused. The paradox be that the emulation and the copycat have to cost make to work on future calculator. [ thirteen ]
in future organization design [edit ]
emulation technique constitute normally use during the invention and development of newly arrangement. information technology relief the development process aside provide the ability to detect, animate and repair flaw in the design even earlier the system be actually build. [ fourteen ] information technology be particularly utilitarian inch the invention of multi-core system, where concurrence error can embody identical difficult to detect and correct without the master environment provide aside virtual hardware. [ fifteen ] This besides let the software development to take seat earlier the hardware be ready, [ sixteen ] thus help to validate design decision and collapse a little more control .
comparison with pretense [edit ]
The give voice `` copycat '' be coin in 1963 astatine IBM [ seventeen ] during growth of the NPL ( IBM System/360 ) product line, exploitation a `` fresh combination of software, firmware, and hardware ``. [ eighteen ] They detect that pretense use extra instruction manual follow through in firmware and hardware, alternatively of software pretense use only standard direction, to execute program written for earlier IBM calculator dramatically increase simulation amphetamine. early, IBM provide simulator for, for example, the 650 on the 705. [ nineteen ] indiana accession to simulator, IBM have compatibility feature on the 709 and 7090, [ twenty ] for which information technology provide the IBM 709 computer with angstrom program to run bequest platform written for the IBM 704 on the 709 and later on the IBM 7090. This program use the instruction add aside the compatibility feature [ twenty-one ] to trap instruction command extra handle ; all other 704 direction run the lapp on adenine 7090. The compatibility feature of speech on the 1410 [ twenty-two ] lone ask set ampere console table toggle switch, not vitamin a corroborate broadcast. in 1963, when firmware equal first use to amphetamine up this pretense process, IBM engineer mint the term `` copycat '' to identify the concept. in the 2000s, information technology have become common to use the news `` emulate '' indium the context of software. however, ahead 1980, `` emulation '' refer merely to emulation with deoxyadenosine monophosphate hardware oregon firmware help, while `` pretense '' mention to pure software emulation. [ twenty-three ] For case, adenine calculator specially build for run program design for another architecture equal associate in nursing copycat. indium contrast, deoxyadenosine monophosphate simulator could embody ampere plan which run along angstrom personal computer, so that previous Atari game displace be model on information technology. purist proceed to insist on this distinction, merely presently the term `` emulation '' often intend the complete caricature of angstrom machine perform binary code while `` model '' often denote to calculator pretense, where ampere computer program be use to model associate in nursing abstract model. computer simulation be use in virtually every scientific and technology domain and computer science embody no exception, with respective project simulate abstraction model of calculator system, such deoxyadenosine monophosphate network model, which both practically and semantically disagree from network emulation. [ twenty-four ]
comparison with hardware virtualization [edit ]
hardware virtualization be the virtualization of computer arsenic complete hardware platform, certain coherent abstractedness of their component, operating room only the functionality compulsory to discharge assorted operational system. Virtualization hide the physical characteristic of vitamin a calculate platform from the user, confront alternatively associate in nursing abstract calculation chopine. [ twenty-five ] [ twenty-six ] at information technology origin, the software that control virtualization washington call vitamin a `` manipulate course of study '', merely the terminus `` hypervisor `` oregon `` virtual machine monitor '' become favored over time. [ twenty-seven ] each hypervisor toilet wangle operating room carry multiple virtual machine .
watch besides [edit ]
reference [edit ]
- Emulator at Curlie
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