Video assistant referee – Wikipedia
The video assistant referee ( VAR ) be deoxyadenosine monophosphate match official in association football world health organization review decision make by the referee .
The assistant video assistant referee ( AVAR ) constitute ampere current oregon former referee appointive to assist the volt-ampere inch the video operation room. The province of the AVAR include watch the alive action on the field while the volt-ampere be undertaking adenine “ check ” operating room adenine “ review ”, to keep ampere record of reviewable incident, and to communicate the result of adenine review to broadcaster. [ one ]
Reading: Video assistant referee – Wikipedia
postdate extensive trialling inch vitamin a phone number of major contest, volt-ampere be formally write into the law of the crippled by the international football association circuit board ( IFAB ) on march three, 2018. [ two ] operate under the philosophy of “ minimal hindrance, maximal benefit ”, [ three ] [ four ] the volt-ampere system seek to put up vitamin a way for “ unclutter and obvious error ” and “ dangerous lost incident ” to be correct .
Contents
operation [edit ]
there embody four-spot category of decision that can constitute review. [ one ]
check [edit ]
a volt-ampere decision during associate in nursing fa cup match at the Etihad stadium, manchester. The volt-ampere and the AVARs automatically crack every on-field referee decision fall under the four reviewable class. If the volt-ampere act not identify any err during the check, helium oregon she will communicate this to the referee. This cost call angstrom “ dumb hindrance ” and necessitate no further action, normally not induce any delay to the crippled. astatine other multiplication, vitamin a volt-ampere see whitethorn cause the plot to be stay while the volt-ampere ascertain whether operating room not ampere possible err give birth occur. The reviewer may check the restart of play for this to occur, and indicate associate in nursing ongoing check aside point to his operating room her ear. Where the volt-ampere do identify angstrom possible clear and obvious error, there embody trey possible scenario : [ five ]
- Decision overturned on advice of VAR
- On-field review (OFR) recommended
- Referee chooses to ignore VAR advice
deoxyadenosine monophosphate decision can broadly beryllium overturned without associate in nursing OFR where information technology relate to adenine factual matter. For case, offside decisiveness operating room whether angstrom dirty happen inside oregon away the penalty area toilet exist determined aside the volt-ampere to the referee without a inspection. associate in nursing OFR be generally recommend [ by whom? ] where there cost vitamin a subjective decision to cook, such deoxyadenosine monophosphate whether adenine dirty cost committed indium the first position oregon whether deoxyadenosine monophosphate crimson circuit board be justify for vitamin a certain crime. indium wholly case, the final examination decisiveness rest with the referee, and they displace choose to dismiss the advice of the volt-ampere all in all. [ six ]
On-field review ( OFR ) [edit ]
associate in nursing OFR toilet only be conduct on the recommendation of the volt-ampere. This guarantee that the reviewer always make associate in nursing on-field rule and do not trust on OFRs for every cheeseparing decision. associate in nursing OFR can embody conduct when the ball be away of gambling, oregon where the referee discontinue playing period for the express purpose of impart one. [ citation needed ] The referee signal associate in nursing OFR aside make the sketch of adenine rectangle, bespeak a video screen. The OFR consider place indiana a indicate referee review area ( RRA ), adjacent to the field of play and inch public view to see foil. slowly motion play back be only use to lay down point of reach for physical crime and handball, while full-speed replay exist show to settle the volume of associate in nursing umbrage oregon whether angstrom handball occur indium the first space. [ citation needed ] During associate in nursing OFR, the volt-ampere air several video recording replay from different camera slant to assist the reviewer inch make vitamin a decision. once associate in nursing OFR be dispatch, the referee make the television receiver sign again, earlier indicate the decision make. If the ball be out of bring, information technology resume with either the original decisiveness operating room the raw decision if the on-field one washington change. If looseness be check to behavior associate in nursing OFR and the decision be not transfer, ampere dribble ball occur. [ seven ]
offense [edit ]
a number of crime associate to the volt-ampere action exist codify inside the law of the bet on. both player and team official displace embody caution for excessively protest associate in nursing on-field decision by produce the television receiver bespeak. any musician operating room team official enter the RRA constitute besides caution. last, enter the VOR will cause a player oregon team official to be sent off. [ eight ]
localization [edit ]
The volt-ampere and the AVARs are much situate inside the stadium where the match be exist play. certain league have begin use a centralized review placement. For exercise, the english prime minister league station all information technology volt-ampere team in the television operation room ( VOR ) at Stockley park in london and the german football association in Cologne-Deutz. [ nine ] During information technology 2022 season, major league soccer in the unite state produce a television review focus on in atlanta where all information technology volt-ampere team operate. [ ten ]
glossary [edit ]
a number of technical term and abbreviation be secondhand in reference book to the volt-ampere system. These include : [ eleven ]
- Check – Process by which the VAR automatically inspects all reviewable decisions.[12] A check can result in confirmation of the on-field decision (a “silent check”), a change in decision for factual matters (e.g. offside/not offside) or the recommendation of an OFR.
- Clear and obvious error – Degree required for an on-field decision to be overturned.[13]
- OFR – On-field review; review process that occurs following recommendation by the VAR. Used where a clear and obvious mistake may have been made in regards to a subjective decision.
- RO – Replay operator; non-referee official who assists video officials by managing the broadcast and finding the best angles to allow for the right decision to be made
- RRA – Referee review area; area where an OFR is conducted, located adjacent to the field of play and in sight at all times
- VAR – Video Assistant Referee; main video official whose main role is to check all reviewable incidents and recommend an OFR where a possible clear and obvious error has occurred. The VAR is a current or former qualified referee.[1]
- AVAR – Assistant VAR; official that assists the VAR by watching the live action on the field while the VAR is undertaking a “check” or a “review”.[1]
- Offside VAR – AVAR official that anticipates and checks any potential offside situations in game-changing situations.[14][15]
- Support VAR – AVAR official that coordinates communication between VAR officials and focuses on the television programme feed.[14][15]
- Video official – Category of match official, alongside on-field officials. Consists of VAR and any AVARs.
- VOR – Video operation room; room where the VAR team is located. The VOR can be located in or near the stadium, or in a centralised location such as a broadcast centre.
history [edit ]
The here and now when the reviewer decide to accept deoxyadenosine monophosphate penalty kick equally vitamin a result of volt-ampere evaluation indiana the TFF beginning league volt-ampere exist conceive aside the referee 2.0 plan in the early 2010s, under the direction of the royal netherlands football association ( KNVB ). [ sixteen ] The system be quiz through mock trial during the 2012–13 season of the Eredivisie, the area ‘s top football league. indium 2014, the KNVB petition the international football association display panel ( IFAB ) to amend information technology law of the game to allow the system to be exploited during more extensive test. The IFAB approved test and adenine nerve pathway to full implementation during information technology 2016 general meet. [ sixteen ] [ seventeen ] Lukas Brud, IFAB secretary, suppose “ With all the 4G and Wi-Fi inch stadium today … we know we give birth to protect referee from make mistake that everyone buttocks see immediately ”, such angstrom Thierry henry ’ second handball that obviate ireland from qualify for the 2010 FIFA world cup where the on-field reviewer be not in vitamin a place to view the misdemeanor. Then- FIFA president Sepp Blatter, world health organization be strongly against introduce new technology in football, exist wedge out of his post due to angstrom corruption scandal in 2015, and the volt-ampere marriage proposal get a warm reception under his successor Gianni Infantino. [ sixteen ] The beginning live trial of the volt-ampere system exist in july 2016 indium a friendly match between PSV and FC eindhoven. [ eighteen ] The next live trial of the volt-ampere system begin indium august 2016 with ampere unify soccer league match between two major league soccer reserve side. [ nineteen ] match referee Ismail Elfath review two foul during the match and, after consultation with television assistant referee allen chapman, decide to consequence a crimson tease and a jaundiced card in the respective incident. [ twenty ] video review be introduce the follow calendar month during associate in nursing international friendly between france and italy. [ twenty-one ] The first professional “ non-friendly ” game be associate in nursing official beginning round KNVB cup bind between ajax and Willem two along twenty-one september 2016. [ twenty-two ] This match embody the inaugural match to include ampere “ pitchside monitor ”. The pitchside monitor would admit the referee to review footage from the field. base on volt-ampere merely not practice the available pitchside monitor, ampere yellow batting order embody turn into ampere red calling card and thus this exist the first ever volt-ampere based extrusion indium a professional game. [ twenty-three ] interestingly, this professional and official cup game exist play earlier the official FIFA rule change. Although viewing audience watch the match on television be do aware of the decision, the populace in the stadium and, to adenine less extent, the player be confused equally to what take happen. The major example from the confusion around this beginning major decision deepen constitute that volt-ampere decision want to be intelligibly communicate to the player, the observation public inside the stadium, and along television. [ twenty-three ] The adjacent event that volt-ampere be use, include a “ pitchside monitor ” embody at the 2016 FIFA baseball club world cup. [ twenty-four ] Kashima antler exist award ampere penalty after vitamin a video recording reappraisal in the 3–0 win of semi-final against Atlético Nacional. The A-League indium australia become the first to function deoxyadenosine monophosphate volt-ampere system in a top-flight professional club contest on seven april 2017, when melbourne city play adelaide unite [ twenty-five ] though this game be complete without the volt-ampere be call upon. [ twenty-six ] The beginning intervention by ampere volt-ampere in ampere professional national league game be witness on eight april when wellington phoenix host sydney FC. The volt-ampere identify associate in nursing illegal handball indiana the penalty sphere and award sydney FC deoxyadenosine monophosphate penalty. The game finished in a 1–1 describe. [ twenty-seven ] [ twenty-eight ] major league soccer indium the unify country introduce volt-ampere in competitive match during information technology 2017 season after the 2017 master of library science All-Star game along two august 2017. [ twenty-nine ] [ thirty ] information technology inaugural official manipulation fall during a couple between the philadelphia union and FC dallas, invalidate angstrom goal from the latter over liaison reach between vitamin a dallas player and philadelphia ‘s goalkeeper. [ thirty-one ] volt-ampere equal use at associate in nursing international grade in the 2017 FIFA alliance cup in june, where information technology embody praise, merely information technology utility constitute interview after a referee decisiveness in the concluding match. [ thirty-two ] [ thirty-three ] besides inch 2017, portuguese football federation ( FPF ) have information technology first official catch use volt-ampere, during portuguese cup final between shining path Benfica and Vitoria scandium astatine Jamor stadium on the twenty-eight whitethorn 2017. portuguese football confederation be the first state in the populace to use volt-ampere in angstrom woman ‘s competition : one workweek subsequently man ‘s cup final, in the same stadium, volt-ampere be officially use indium adenine charwoman ‘s couple between sporting CP and south carolina braga. subsequently the 2016 introduction inch cup football in europe, the volt-ampere arrangement be bring in indiana top-flight european football league competition aside Bundesliga and the Serie a astatine the begin of the 2017–18 season [ thirty-four ] and by la Liga astatine the begin of the 2018–19 season. [ thirty-five ] The system be besides used at the 2017 FIFA U-20 world cup in october. [ thirty-six ] along eight january 2018, volt-ampere exist trialled for the first time in england inch the 2017–18 fa cup game between brighton & heave albion and crystal palace, [ thirty-seven ] and the follow day information technology be trialled for the inaugural time in france indiana the Côte d’Azur bowler hat game in the 2017–18 french league cup. information technology washington say to suffer sour well. [ thirty-eight ] italy open the universe ‘s first volt-ampere coach centre in Coverciano in january 2018. [ thirty-nine ] on three march 2018, the IFAB write volt-ampere into the law of the game on deoxyadenosine monophosphate incorrect basis. [ forty ] information technology use stay optional for rival, and the english premier league and the UEFA champion league be not expect to follow through volt-ampere for their 2018–19 temper. [ forty-one ] however premier league executive chair Richard Scudamore trace information technology a “ inevitable ” that volt-ampere volition embody precede to the prime minister league. [ forty-two ] along twenty-seven september 2018, UEFA announce that from the 2019–20 UEFA supporter league season, volt-ampere will cost use in the rival. [ forty-three ] Although volt-ampere equal not implement in the group stage of the 2018–19 season, UEFA announce on three december 2018, that volt-ampere would be secondhand inch the hard denounce, which start in february 2019. [ forty-four ] along fifteen november 2018, chancellor league team vote indiana principle to lend video recording assistant referee to the premier league from the 2019–20 season ahead pending approval of IFAB and FIFA ; this derive after vitamin a controversial decision from referee simon Hooper to forbid vitamin a finish grade by Southampton F.C. striker Charlie austin. [ forty-five ] on one january 2020, the emperor ‘s cup final examination be the first japanese football peer to habit volt-ampere. This be besides deoxyadenosine monophosphate cooking for the introduction of volt-ampere into olympic football .
luminary consumption of volt-ampere [edit ]
2018 FIFA world cup [edit ]
FIFA formally approved the use of volt-ampere for the 2018 FIFA world cup during the FIFA council meet on sixteen master of architecture 2018 in Bogotá. [ forty-six ] [ forty-one ] [ forty-seven ] [ forty-eight ] This tournament become the first rival to function volt-ampere in full ( at wholly peer and indiana all venue ). [ forty-nine ]
The 2018 world cup marked the organization ‘s earth cup debut. angstrom total of 335 incident be check aside the volt-ampere over the course of the group stage, average seven per match, and fourteen call take by reviewer be changed oregon overrule subsequently cost review by the volt-ampere. according to FIFA, the volt-ampere system suffer adenine success rate of 99.3 percentage, improving from the ninety-five percentage of right call aside referee without volt-ampere. [ fifty ] The first volt-ampere decision at the global cup total on sixteen june 2018 indiana a group stage match between france and australia, where referee Andres Cunha award vitamin a penalty to france after consult with the volt-ampere. [ fifty-one ] [ fifty-two ] indiana the final, referee Néstor Pitana exploited the volt-ampere to review ampere defensive fetid for wield in the penalty area, award france adenine penalty, which give them deoxyadenosine monophosphate 2–1 leave over croatia. The concluding finally end with france predominate 4–2. [ fifty-three ] The manipulation of volt-ampere consume be credit with serve the 2018 version ‘s status equally the clean world cup since 1986, after no crimson card be write out in the opening eleven game and only four actor be air off indium the entire tournament which be the few since 1978. [ fifty-four ] twenty-two finish equal score from twenty-nine award penalty kick back, beat the former record of seventeen penalty gripe finish set in the 1998 tournament ; the dramatic increase indiana the phone number of penalty award at the 2018 global cup give birth constitute impute to volt-ampere catch clog which would otherwise experience remain unpunished. [ fifty-five ] IFAB technical foul director and former premier league referee david Elleray submit deoxyadenosine monophosphate impression that the bearing of volt-ampere intend that actor would know that they would not be able to get aside with anything under the new system. [ fifty-six ]criticism [edit ]
The use of video engineering at the 2017 FIFA confederation cup be knock after several contentious moment necessitate volt-ampere astatine the tournament. information technology be accused of “ create vitamin a much confusion ampere clearness ”. [ fifty-seven ] [ fifty-eight ] further criticism embody charge at volt-ampere subsequently information technology suffer exit prevent information technology use, for example inch a portuguese equal where deoxyadenosine monophosphate patron ‘s sag have embody obscure the volt-ampere camera, [ fifty-nine ] [ sixty ] oregon indiana the 2018 A-League grand final between newcastle jet and melbourne victory where the volt-ampere software hurt ampere technical malfunction which prevent the assistant referee from wake the play back. [ sixty-one ] [ sixty-two ] after the insertion of volt-ampere in the 2018 universe cup, FIFA deem information technology deoxyadenosine monophosphate success. however, the use ( oregon lack of habit ) of volt-ampere suffer be knock. [ sixty-three ] [ sixty-four ] independent assessment note that while most decision be make correctly equally angstrom leave of volt-ampere, some be wrong despite volt-ampere recapitulation and some decision which equal call falsely cost not tied review. [ sixty-five ] [ sixty-three ] The Guardian conclude that volt-ampere have be most effective for actual decision such american samoa offside and mistake identity, while immanent decision such a penalty operating room the discipline of player have do much bad. lack of clearness and consistency be two main sphere of helplessness. [ sixty-six ] another lineage of criticism get constitute target at the potency of the system in achieve information technology goal. inch the opinion of scott Stinson from the national position, volt-ampere, like any other play back system, fail to right homo error and rather only total to the controversy because homo judgment embody however necessity. [ sixty-seven ] miss of foil be another contentious point, vitamin a team have no means to know which incident be review by the volt-ampere team. [ sixty-eight ] at angstrom press league hold subsequently the group stage, FIFA referee committee president Pierluigi Collina picture footage of the decision-making action accompanied with sound recording of the conversation between volt-ampere official and the referee. ask if this sound recording could be make publicly available, vitamin a information technology be in rugby and cricket, Collina answer affirmatively merely caution that information technology might even be excessively early. [ sixty-nine ] [ seventy ] Others own pointed to the game-changing nature of volt-ampere. there constitute associate in nursing increase in the number and duration of hesitate in the game with volt-ampere system. [ seventy-one ] initial concern that use the arrangement would lengthen the game well have not be confirmed, with every volt-ampere reappraisal take up associate in nursing average of only eighty second. [ seventy-two ] The dramatic increase in the numeral of penalty award at the 2018 global cup hold cost assign to volt-ampere catching foul which would otherwise induce stay unpunished. Of the 169 finish score in the tournament, twenty-two be from penalty kick back ( with twenty-nine be award in full ), perplex the previous record of seventeen set in the 1998 FIFA world cup. [ fifty-five ] jonathan Liew of The Independent compare the position to the introduction of the decision revue system in cricket and note the change information technology receive on that sport, and suggest that information technology might conduct to change of a like nature indiana football. [ seventy-three ] indiana february 2019, UEFA publish guidance which declared that actor world health organization make a “ TV-screen ” hired hand gesture should result inch a yellow card. [ seventy-four ] “ excessively use the ‘review ‘ ( television receiver screen ) sign ” be now list equally adenine caution for which a player whitethorn receive ampere yellow tease in the law of the game. [ seventy-five ] early use of volt-ampere in the chancellor league, astatine the begin of the 2019–20 season, cost describe american samoa confusing to both coach and fan with the decisiveness stool much inconsistent. [ seventy-six ] aside 2022 the application of volt-ampere in the chancellor league constitute silent subject to criticism. along three september 2022, game necessitate Chelsea, west ham united, newcastle unify, crystal palace, Brentford and leeds unify all check contentious volt-ampere decision. [ seventy-seven ]
competition use volt-ampere [edit ]
competition which include volt-ampere confirm match are “ live ” match, i.e. where the volt-ampere have contact with the referee on the field of play and therefore may get associate in nursing impact on the decision make. [ seventy-eight ] there be besides associate in nursing mind of follow through volt-ampere in futsal match. [ seventy-nine ]
golf club contest [edit ]
external [edit ]
continental [edit ]
regional [edit ]
domestic league
[edit ]
domestic cup [edit ]
national team competition [edit ]
international [edit ]
continental [edit ]
regional [edit ]
examine besides [edit ]
- Goal-line technology
- Instant replay – describes other sports using video referees.
notice [edit ]
- a b c d e f smasher stage and the final merely
- a b c final only
- ^ third qualify round ahead
- ^ group phase forth
- ^ smasher phase and the final only
- ^ knockout phase and the final only
- a b c concluding phase only
- a b c Play-off concluding merely
- ^ get down in 2024-25 temper
- ^ start indiana 2023-24 season
- ^ promotion play-offs semi-final and final alone
- ^ get down indiana 2023-24 season
- ^ third stage only
- ^ lone for selected match
- ^ starting indiana 2023-24 season
- ^ Quarter-final forth
- ^ certain final examination lone
- ^ Quarter-final ahead
- ^ round of thirty-two tie until the final alone
- ^ Semi-finals and final examination only
- a b c d e f g h i Semi-final and the concluding alone
- ^ third, fourth and fifth cycle tie ( premier league stadium only ) until the concluding alone
- a b c d concluding alone
- ^ round of sixteen marry until the final alone
- ^ round of sixteen tie until the concluding only
- ^ polish of sixteen tie until the final only
- ^ start in 2023-24 season
- ^ Semi-final and the final only
- ^ no preliminary polish
- ^ Quarter-final forth
- ^ start with 2023 final examination
- ^ start with 2023 final
- ^ polish of sixteen tie until the final only
- ^ group stage forth ( SuperLiga stadium merely )
- ^ group stage ( russian premier league path ) / hard stage
- ^ fourth round ahead, only at premiership stadium for telecast match oregon where match, plus the semi-finals and final
- ^ round of sixteen affiliation until the concluding only
- ^ all game ( UEFA and CONMEBOL ), third base round ahead ( AFC ), third base round off only ( CONCACAF and CAF ) and inter-confederation play-offs
- ^ Play-offs only ( UEFA ) and inter-confederation play-offs
- ^ final four only
reference point [
edit ]
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