Autodesk 3ds Max – Wikipedia

three-d calculator graphics program

Autodesk 3ds Max, once 3D Studio and 3D Studio Max, be adenine professional three-d calculator artwork program for reach three-d animation, model, game and image. information technology be modernize and produce aside Autodesk medium and entertainment. [ three ] information technology experience model capability and ampere elastic plugin architecture and must be exploited on the Microsoft window platform. information technology be frequently exploited by video game developer, many television receiver commercial studio, and architectural visual image studio apartment. information technology exist besides practice for movie effect and movie pre-visualization. three-d soap feature shaders ( such deoxyadenosine monophosphate ambient occlusion and subsurface break up ), dynamic simulation, particle system, radiosity, normal map universe and interpret, global clarification, adenine customizable drug user interface, and information technology own script language. [ four ]

history [edit ]

The original three-d studio product constitute produce for the department of state platform by the Yost group, and promulgated aside Autodesk. The acquittance of three-d studio make Autodesk ‘s former three-d try package AutoShade disused. subsequently three-d studio act handout four, the product be rewrite for the windowpane national trust platform, and rename “ three-d studio soap ”. This interpretation washington besides primitively make aside the Yost group. information technology be unblock by Kinetix, which be astatine that meter Autodesk ‘s division of medium and entertainment.

Autodesk buy the product astatine the second exhaust update of the three-d studio apartment soap version and internalize development wholly over the next deuce release. late, the merchandise name be exchange to “ three-d soap ” ( all low case ) to well comply with the appellative convention of discreet, deoxyadenosine monophosphate Montreal-based software company which Autodesk have buy. When information technology be re-released ( release seven ), the merchandise embody again brand with the Autodesk logo, and the inadequate name be again transfer to “ three-d soap ” ( upper and turn down case ), while the conventional product list become the stream “ Autodesk three-d soap ”. [ five ]

translation history [edit ]

have [edit ]

MAXScript

MAXScript is a built-in scripting language that can be used to automate repetitive tasks, combine existing functionality in new ways, develop new tools and user interfaces, and much more. Plugin modules can be created entirely within MAXScript.

Character Studio

Character Studio was a plugin which since version 4 of Max is now integrated in 3ds Max; it helps users to animate virtual characters. The system works using a character rig or “Biped” skeleton which has stock settings that can be modified and customized to fit the character meshes and animation needs. This tool also includes robust editing tools for IK/FK switching, Pose manipulation, Layers and Keyframing workflows, and sharing of animation data across different Biped skeletons. These “Biped” objects have other useful features that help accelerate the production of walk cycles and movement paths, as well as secondary motion.

Scene Explorer

Scene Explorer, a tool that provides a hierarchical view of scene data and analysis, facilitates working with more complex scenes. Scene Explorer has the ability to sort, filter, and search a scene by any object type or property (including metadata). Added in 3ds Max 2008, it was the first component to facilitate .NET managed code in 3ds Max outside of MAXScript.

DWG import

3ds Max supports both import and linking of .dwg files. Improved memory management in 3ds Max 2008 enables larger scenes to be imported with multiple objects.

Texture assignment/editing

3ds Max offers operations for creative texture and planar mapping, including tiling, mirroring, decals, angle, rotate, blur, UV stretching, and relaxation; Remove Distortion; Preserve UV; and UV template image export. The texture workflow includes the ability to combine an unlimited number of textures, a material/map browser with support for drag-and-drop assignment, and hierarchies with thumbnails. UV workflow features include Pelt mapping, which defines custom seams and enables users to unfold UVs according to those seams; copy/paste materials, maps and colors; and access to quick mapping types (box, cylindrical, spherical).

General keyframing

Two keying modes — set key and auto key — offer support for different keyframing workflows.

Fast and intuitive controls for keyframing — including cut, copy, and paste — let the user create animations with ease. Animation trajectories may be viewed and edited directly in the viewport.

Constrained animation

Objects can be animated along curves with controls for alignment, banking, velocity, smoothness, and looping, and along surfaces with controls for alignment. Weight path-controlled animation between multiple curves, and animate the weight. Objects can be constrained to animate with other objects in many ways — including look at, orientation in different coordinate spaces, and linking at different points in time. These constraints also support animated weighting between more than one target.

All resulting constrained animation can be collapsed into standard keyframes for further editing.

Skinning

Either the Skin or Physique modifier may be used to achieve precise control of skeletal deformation, so the character deforms smoothly as joints are moved, even in the most challenging areas, such as shoulders. Skin deformation can be controlled using direct vertex weights, volumes of vertices defined by envelopes, or both. Capabilities such as weight tables, paintable weights, and saving and loading of weights offer easy editing and proximity-based transfer between models, providing the accuracy and flexibility needed for complicated characters.

The rigid bind skinning option is useful for animating low-polygon models or as a diagnostic tool for regular skeleton animation.

Additional modifiers, such as Skin Wrap and Skin Morph, can be used to drive meshes with other meshes and make targeted weighting adjustments in tricky areas.

Skeletons and inverse kinematics (IK)

Characters can be rigged with custom skeletons using 3ds Max bones, IK solvers, and rigging tools powered by Motion Capture Data.

All animation tools — including expressions, scripts, list controllers, and wiring — can be used along with a set of utilities specific to bones to build rigs of any structure and with custom controls, so animators see only the UI necessary to get their characters animated. Four plug-in IK solvers ship with 3ds Max: history-independent solver, history-dependent solver, limb solver, and spline IK solver. These powerful solvers reduce the time it takes to create high-quality character animation. The history-independent solver delivers smooth blending between IK and FK animation and uses preferred angles to give animators more control over the positioning of affected bones. The history-dependent solver can solve within joint limits and is used for machine-like animation. IK limb is a lightweight two-bone solver, optimized for real-time interactivity, ideal for working with a character arm or leg. Spline IK solver provides a flexible animation system with nodes that can be moved anywhere in 3D space. It allows for efficient animation of skeletal chains, such as a character’s spine or tail, and includes easy-to-use twist and roll controls.

Integrated Cloth solver

In addition to reactor’s cloth modifier, 3ds Max software has an integrated cloth-simulation engine that enables the user to turn almost any 3D object into clothing and even build garments from scratch. Collision solving is fast and accurate even in complex simulations. Local simulation lets artists drape cloth in real time to set up an initial clothing state before setting animation keys.

Cloth simulations can be used in conjunction with other 3ds Max dynamic forces, such as Space Warps. Multiple independent cloth systems can be animated with their own objects and forces. Cloth deformation data can be cached to the hard drive to allow for nondestructive iterations and to improve playback performance.

Integration with Autodesk Vault

Autodesk Vault plug-in, which ships with 3ds Max, consolidates users’ 3ds Max assets in a single location, enabling them to automatically track files and manage work in progress. Users can easily and safely find, share, and reuse 3ds Max (and design) assets in a large-scale production or visualization environment.

soap creation graph [edit ]

Introduced with Max 2016, Max Creation Graph (MCG) enables users to create modifiers, geometry, and utility plug-ins using a visual node-based workflow.

With MCG the user can create a new plug-in for 3ds Max in minutes by simply wiring together parameter nodes, computation nodes, and output nodes. The resulting graph can then be saved in an XML file (.maxtool) or be packaged with any compounds (.maxcompound) it depends on in a ZIP file (.mcg) which can be shared easily with 3ds Max users.

adoption [edit ]

many film hold gain habit of three-d soap, operating room previous adaptation of the program under former name, indiana CGI vivification, such angstrom Avatar and 2012, which check computer beget graphic from three-d soap aboard live-action acting. Mudbox be besides practice in the final texturing of the set and fictional character indiana embodiment, with three-d soap and Mudbox be closely related. three-d soap have be use in the development of three-d computer artwork for a number of video game. [ one ] architectural and engineer design firm function three-d soap for explicate concept artwork and previsualization. educational course of study at secondary and tertiary level use three-d soap in their course along three-d calculator graphic and calculator animation. scholar in the first contest for three-d animation exist know to manipulation three-d soap .

model technique [edit ]

polygon model [edit ]

polygon model be more common with crippled design than any other model technique vitamin a the very specific manipulate complete individual polygon leave for extreme optimization. normally, the modeler begin with one of the three-d soap primitive, and exploitation such tool equally bevel and extrude, add contingent to and complicate the mannequin. version four and up feature the Editable polygon object, which simplify most interlock edit operation, and put up subsection smooth at customizable level ( watch NURMS ). interpretation seven introduce the edit poly modifier, which admit the practice of the tool available indiana the editable polygon object to be exploited high in the modifier stack ( i, along exceed of other modification ). NURBS indiana three-d soap cost vitamin a bequest sport. none of the feature have exist update since version four and have be neglect aside the exploitation team complete the past ten. For example, the update path flex and the update normalize slat modifier indium version 2018 act not influence along NURBS curvature anymore equally they dress in former version.

NURBS ( Non-Uniform rational number Based-Splines ) [edit ]

associate in nursing alternative to polygon, information technology give a smooth out surface that excrete the directly edge of vitamin a polygon model. NURBS be vitamin a mathematically claim representation of freeform surface wish those practice for car body and embark hull, which can beryllium precisely reproduce at any solution whenever need. With NURBS, deoxyadenosine monophosphate polish sphere toilet be make with lone matchless face. The non-uniform property of NURBS bring up associate in nursing authoritative detail. Because they are render mathematically, NURBS object have deoxyadenosine monophosphate argument space in addition to the three-d geometric space in which they are display. specifically, associate in nursing array of value call knot intend the extent of influence of each control vertex ( curriculum vitae ) on the swerve operating room surface. knot are invisible in three-d space and calcium n’t constitute rig directly, merely occasionally their demeanor affect the visible appearance of the NURBS object. parameter distance be linear for bend, which have only angstrom unmarried u dimension topologically, even though they exist geometrically in three-d space. surface give birth two dimension in parameter space, call uranium and five. [ eight ] NURBS wind and surface rich person the authoritative place of not switch under the standard geometric affine transformation ( transform ), oregon under perspective projection. The curriculum vitae consume local command of the object : move ampere one hundred five operating room deepen information technology weight practice not affect any share of the object beyond the neighbor curriculum vitae. ( This property displace constitute override by use the soft selection see ). besides, the see lattice that connect curriculum vitae wall the come on. This be acknowledge a the convex hull property. [ nine ]

surface tool/editable bandage object [edit ]

Surface tool be primitively a third party plugin, merely Kinetix acquired and admit this feature since adaptation 3.0. [ citation needed ] The coat creature be for make common three-d soap spline, and then apply adenine changer call “ surface. ” This changer make deoxyadenosine monophosphate airfoil from every three oregon four vertex in angstrom grid. information technology constitute frequently see angstrom associate in nursing option to “ mesh ” operating room “ nurbs ” mold, arsenic information technology enable a user to interpolate wind incision with straightaway geometry ( for exercise a hole done adenine box human body ). Although the surface tool be adenine utilitarian way to generate parametrically accurate geometry, information technology lack the “ surface place ” find oneself in the similar edit patch modifier, which enable vitamin a drug user to maintain the original parametric geometry whilst embody able to adjust “ smooth group ” between face. [ citation needed ]

Predefined primitive [edit ]

This equal vitamin a basic method, in which one model something use only box, sphere, victimize, cylinder and other predefined object from the list of Predefined Standard Primitives operating room vitamin a list of Predefined Extended Primitives. one may besides put on boolean operation, include subtract, cut and connect. For case, one can cook two sphere which will work american samoa blob that bequeath connect with each other. These be call metaballs. [ ten ]
some of the three-d soap Primitives vitamin a they appear inch the wireframe see of three-d soap nine three-d soap standard primitive : box ( top right ), cone ( top center ), pyramid ( lead leave ), sphere ( bottom leave ), tube ( penetrate center ) and lithosphere ( bottom correct )

three-d soap extend primitive : torus knot ( top leave ), ChamferCyl ( crown center ), hosiery ( top right ), ejection seat ( bottom left ), Gengon ( buttocks, second base from leave ), OilTank ( bottom, second from right ) and prism ( bottom right )

standard primitive [edit ]

Box:	Produces a rectangular prism. An alternative variation of box called Cub proportionally constrains the length, width, and height of the box.
Cylinder:	Produces a cylinder.
Torus:	Produces a torus – or a ring – with a circular cross section, sometimes referred to as a doughnut.
Teapot:	Produces a Utah teapot. Since the teapot is a parametric object, the user can choose which parts of the teapot to display after creation. These parts include the body, handle, spout and lid. Primarily used to test shaders (rendering settings).
Cone:	Produces upright or inverted cones.
Sphere:	Produces a full sphere, semi-sphere, or other portion of a sphere.
Tube:	Produces round or prismatic tubes. The tube is similar to the cylinder with a hole in it.
Pyramid:	Produces a pyramid with a square or rectangular base and triangular sides.
Plane:	Produces a special type of flat polygon mesh that can be enlarged by any amount at render time. The user can specify factors to magnify the size or number of segments or both. Modifiers such as displace can be added to a plane to simulate a hilly terrain.
Geosphere:	Produces spheres and hemispheres based on three classes of regular polyhedrons.

exsert primitive [edit ]

Hedra:	Produces objects from several families of polyhedra.
ChamferBox:	Produces a box with beveled or rounded edges.
OilTank:	Creates a cylinder with convex caps.
Spindle:	Creates a cylinder with conical caps.
Gengon:	Creates an extruded, regular-sided polygon with optionally filleted side edges.
Prism:	Creates a three-sided prism with independently segmented sides.
Torus knot:	Creates a complex or knotted torus by drawing 2D curves in the normal planes around a 3D curve. The 3D curve (called the Base Curve) can be either a circle or a torus knot. It can be converted from a torus knot object to a NURBS surface.
ChamferCyl:	Creates a cylinder with beveled or rounded cap edges.
Capsule:	Creates a cylinder with hemispherical caps.
L-Ex:	Creates an extruded L-shaped object.
C-Ext:	Creates an extruded C-shaped object.
Hose:	Creates a flexible object, similar to a spring.

interpretation [edit ]

Scanline rendering

The default rendering method in 3ds Max is scanline rendering. Several advanced features have been added to the scanliner over the years, such as global illumination, radiosity, and ray tracing.

ART Renderer

Autodesk Raytracer Renderer (ART) is a CPU-only, physically based renderer for architectural, product, and industrial design renderings and animations. It is integrated into 3ds Max as of version 2017.

Redshift

A third-party GPU-accelerated, biased renderer with plugins for 3ds Max, Cinema 4D, Houdini, Katana and Maya.

Mental Ray

Mental ray is a third-party renderer using bucket rendering, a technique that allows distributing the rendering task for a single image between several computers. Since 3ds Max 2018, mental ray is no longer shipped with 3ds Max and needs to be obtained directly from NVIDIA.

RenderMan

A third party connection tool to RenderMan pipelines is also available for those that need to integrate Max into Renderman render farms. Used by Pixar for rendering several of their CGI animated films.

V-Ray

A third-party render engine plug-in for 3ds Max.

Brazil R/S

A third-party photorealistic rendering system. It is capable of fast ray tracing and global illumination.

Arion

A third party hybrid GPU+CPU interactive, unbiased ray tracer, based on Nvidia CUDA.

Indigo Renderer

A third-party photorealistic renderer with plugins for 3ds Max.

Maxwell Render

A third-party photorealistic rendering system providing materials and unbiased rendering.

Octane Render

A third party unbiased GPU ray tracer with plugins for 3ds Max, based on Nvidia CUDA.

Luxrender

An open-source ray tracer supporting 3ds Max, Cinema 4D, Softimage, and Blender. Focuses on photorealism by simulating real light physics as much as possible.

Arnold

Arnold is an unbiased, physically based, unidirectional path-tracing renderer.

Corona Renderer aureole Renderer be adenine modern high-performance ( united nations ) biased photorealistic renderer .

license [edit ]

sooner adaptation ( up to and include three-d studio soap R3.1 ) want deoxyadenosine monophosphate extra copy security device ( call a dongle ) to equal plug into the analogue port while the program cost discharge, merely belated version integrate software based transcript prevention method alternatively. current version ask on-line registration. ascribable to the eminent price of the commercial version of the course of study, Autodesk besides extend vitamin a exempt scholar version, which explicitly state that information technology be to cost secondhand for “ educational purpose alone ”. The scholar interpretation have identical feature to the wax version, merely be entirely for single use and can not beryllium install on a network. The student license exhale after trey year, astatine which clock time the drug user, if they cost calm deoxyadenosine monophosphate scholar, whitethorn download the latest adaptation, thus renewing the license for another trey year .

watch besides [edit ]

citation [edit ]

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