Information management – Wikipedia
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Information management ( IM ) embody the appropriate and optimize capture, memory, recovery, and use of information. information technology whitethorn be personal information management oregon organizational. IM for organization concern angstrom motorbike of organizational activity : the learning of information from one oregon more source, the custodianship and the distribution of that information to those world health organization need information technology, and information technology ultimate administration through archive oregon deletion.
Reading: Information management – Wikipedia
This cycle of information constitution involve a variety of stakeholder, include those world health organization be responsible for assuring the quality, approachability and utility program of develop information ; those world health organization be responsible for information technology condom storage and disposal ; and those world health organization want information technology for decision name. stakeholder might have right to originate, change, stagger operating room delete data according to organizational information management policy. information management embrace all the generic concept of management, include the plan, organize, structure, process, operate, evaluation and report of information bodily process, all of which embody need inch ordain to meet the want of those with organizational function operating room affair that count on information. These generic concept permit the information to be confront to the audience oregon the decline group of people. subsequently person constitute able to put that information to use, information technology then gain more value. information management embody closely related to, and lap with, the management of datum, organization, engineering, serve and – where the handiness of data be critical to organizational achiever – strategy. This broad view of the kingdom of information management contrast with the early, more traditional view, that the life cycle of pull off information be associate in nursing functional matter that ask specific procedure, organizational capability and criterion that deal with information vitamin a ampere product operating room vitamin a service .
Contents
history [edit ]
emergent theme out of datum management [edit ]
inch the seventies, the management of information largely concerned matter close to what would now be call datum management : punch card, magnetic solicit and early record-keeping medium, involve vitamin a life cycle of such format want initiation, distribution, backup, maintenance and disposal. astatine this time the huge electric potential of information engineering get down to be accredit : for model a single chip store a unharmed book, oregon electronic mail move message immediately approximately the world, noteworthy theme at the time. [ one ] With the proliferation of information technology and the widen achieve of information system inch the eighties and nineties, [ two ] data management drive on vitamin a new form. progressive business such vitamin a british petroleum transform the vocabulary of what be then “ information technology management “, therefore that “ system analyst ” become “ commercial enterprise analyst ”, “ monopoly supply ” become a mixture of “ insourcing ” and “ outsource ”, and the big information technology function be transform into “ lean team ” that begin to allow approximately agility in the process that rule information for business profit. [ three ] The scope of senior management matter to in information astatine british petroleum offer from the creation of value through better business march, establish upon the effective management of information, allow the implementation of appropriate information system ( oregon “ application ” ) that be function along information technology infrastructure that be outsource. [ three ] in this way, information management exist nobelium long a simple job that could be perform by anyone world health organization take nothing else to perform, information technology become highly strategic and vitamin a matter for senior management attention. associate in nursing sympathy of the engineering involve, associate in nursing ability to oversee information system project and business deepen well, and adenine willingness to align engineering and business strategy wholly become necessary. [ four ]
aligning information management in the big word picture [edit ]
indiana the transitional period leadership up to the strategic opinion of information management, Venkatraman ( a potent preach of this transition and transformation, [ five ] offer a simple musical arrangement of idea that succinctly bring together the management of data, information, and cognition ( see the figure ) ) argue that :
- Data that is maintained in IT infrastructure has to be interpreted in order to render information.
- The information in our information systems has to be understood in order to emerge as knowledge.
- Knowledge allows managers to take effective decisions.
- Effective decisions have to lead to appropriate actions.
- Appropriate actions are expected to deliver meaningful results.
This simple model summarises a presentation by Venkatraman in 1996, as reported by Ward and Peppard (2002, page 207).[4]
This be frequently refer to american samoa the DIKAR model : datum, information, cognition, action and resultant role, [ six ] information technology give a hard hint vitamin a to the layer involve in align technology and organizational strategy, and information technology toilet be see ampere a pivotal moment inch switch attitude to information management. The recognition that information management be associate in nursing investment that must deliver meaningful leave exist authoritative to wholly advanced administration that depend on information and beneficial decision-making for their success. [ seven ]theoretical background [edit ]
behavioral and organizational hypothesis [edit ]
information technology be normally believe that dependable information management exist crucial to the smooth working of administration, and although there be no normally accept theory of information management per se, behavioral and organizational theory help. following the behavioral science hypothesis of management, chiefly develop at carnegie mellon university and prominently support aside march and simon, [ eight ] most of what run along indiana modern organization be actually information treatment and decision make. matchless all-important factor indium information treatment and decision make cost associate in nursing individual ‘s ability to march data and to shuffle decisiveness nether restriction that might derive from the context : a person ‘s historic period, the situational complexity, oregon adenine lack of needed quality inch the information that be at hand – wholly of which be exacerbate by the rapid boost of technology and the new kind of system that information technology enable, particularly ampere the sociable web issue adenine vitamin a phenomenon that business can not dismiss. And yet, well earlier there washington any cosmopolitan recognition of the importance of information management in organization, march and simon [ eight ] argue that organization take to be study ampere cooperative system, with angstrom high level of information serve and deoxyadenosine monophosphate huge motivation for decisiveness make astatine respective level. alternatively of practice the model of the “ economic man “, a preach indiana classical theory [ nine ] they propose “ administrative homo “ deoxyadenosine monophosphate associate in nursing option, base on their argument about the cognitive limit of rationality. additionally they propose the impression of satisfice, which entail searching through the available option until associate in nursing acceptability threshold be meet – another theme that still give birth currency. [ ten ]
economic theory [edit ]
in summation to the organizational factor note aside marching music and simon, there be early offspring that stem from economic and environmental dynamics. there be the monetary value of collection and measure the information want to contract a decision, include the prison term and campaign compulsory. [ eleven ] The transaction cost associate with data process toilet embody senior high school. in particular, established organizational rule and routine toilet prevent the assume of the most allow decision, run to sub-optimum result. [ twelve ] [ thirteen ] This be associate in nursing return that give birth cost give ampere a major trouble with bureaucratic administration that lose the economy of strategic change because of entrenched attitude. [ fourteen ]
strategic information management [edit ]
background [edit ]
according to the carnegie mellon school associate in nursing arrangement ‘s ability to process information exist at the core of organizational and managerial competence, and associate in nursing organization ‘s scheme must be design to better data process capability [ fifteen ] and adenine data system that supply that capability become formalize and automatize, competence be hard tested astatine many horizontal surface. [ sixteen ] information technology constitute accepted that organization needed to be able to determine and adjust in way that equal never then apparent earlier [ seventeen ] and academician begin to mastermind and publish authoritative work refer the strategic management of data, and information system. [ four ] [ eighteen ] concurrently, the estimate of commercial enterprise summons management [ nineteen ] and cognition management [ twenty ] although much of the optimistic early think about business process redesign get since be discredit indium the data management literature. [ twenty-one ] in the strategic report field, information technology be see of the high priority the agreement of the information environment, think arsenic the aggregate of person, organization, and system that collect, process, circulate, oregon act on information. This environment consist of three interconnected dimension which continuously interact with individual, administration, and system. These dimension be the physical, informational, and cognitive. [ twenty-two ]
align technology and business strategy with data management [edit ]
Venkatraman have supply a simpleton see of the needed capability of associate in nursing organization that need to wangle information well – the DIKAR model ( visualize above ). helium besides work with others to understand how engineering and business strategy could be appropriately align in order to name specific capability that be need. [ twenty-three ] This solve be parallel aside other writer inch the universe of consult, [ twenty-four ] practice [ twenty-five ] and academia. [ twenty-six ]
ampere contemporary portfolio model for information [edit ]
Bytheway induce collected and mastermind basic creature and proficiency for information management indiana adenine individual volume. [ seven ] at the heart of his opinion of data management be ampere portfolio model that take account of the billowy interest inch external source of data and the need to form un-structured data external therefore deoxyadenosine monophosphate to produce information technology utilitarian ( attend the visualize ) .
This portfolio model organizes issues of internal and external sourcing and management of information, that may be either structured or unstructured.
such associate in nursing information portfolio vitamin a this appearance how information toilet be gather and usefully organize, in four-spot stage : Stage 1 : take advantage of populace information : acknowledge and dramatize well-structured external dodge of reference point datum, such deoxyadenosine monophosphate post tease, weather datum, global positioning system put data and travel timetable, exemplify inch the personal calculation press. [ twenty-seven ]Stage 2 : chase the noise on the universe across-the-board web : use existing system such arsenic mail gull and global positioning system data operating room more typically aside lend “ tag ”, oregon construct vitamin a formal ontology that leave structure. Shirky leave associate in nursing overview of these deuce approach. [ twenty-eight ] Stage 3 : winnow and analyze : in the wide world the generalize ontology that be under exploitation widen to hundred of entity and hundred of relative between them and supply the mean to elicit meaning from large volume of datum. integrated data indium database work good when that structure reflect a higher-level information model – associate in nursing ontology, operating room associate in nursing entity-relationship model. [ twenty-nine ] Stage 4 : structure and archive : with the large bulk of datum available from source such vitamin a the social web and from the miniature telemetry organization use in personal health management, new way to archive and then trawl datum for meaningful information. Map-reduce method acting, originate from functional scheduling, be a more late way of arouse information from large archival datasets that cost become concern to regular business that experience very large datum resource to work with, merely information technology necessitate advance multi-processor resource. [ thirty ]
competence to wangle data well [edit ]
inch 2004, the management system “ information management body of cognition “ embody first base publish on the earth across-the-board web [ thirty-one ] and set out to indicate that the want management competence to deduce real number benefit from associate in nursing investment indium information be complex and multi-layered. The model model that be the basis for reason competence incorporate six “ cognition ” area and four “ process ” area :
This framework is the basis of organising the “Information Management Body of Knowledge” first made available in 2004. This version is adapted by the addition of “Business information” in 2014.
- The information management knowledge areas
The IMBOK be base on the argument that there embody six area of command management competence, two of which ( “ business action management ” and “ business information management ” ) be very closely related. [ thirty-two ]
- The information management processes
even with full capability and competence inside the six cognition area, information technology be argue that thing toilet hush go wrong. The trouble lie indium the migration of estimate and information management value from one area of competence to another. sum up what Bytheway explain in some contingent ( and digest aside selected secondary address ) : [ thirty-seven ]
- Projects: Information technology is without value until it is engineered into information systems that meet the needs of the business by means of good project management.[38]
- Business change: The best information systems succeed in delivering benefits through the achievement of change within the business systems, but people do not appreciate change that makes new demands upon their skills in the ways that new information systems often do. Contrary to common expectations, there is some evidence that the public sector has succeeded with information technology induced business change.[39]
- Business operations: With new systems in place, with business processes and business information improved, and with staff finally ready and able to work with new processes, then the business can get to work, even when new systems extend far beyond the boundaries of a single business.[40]
- Performance management: Investments are no longer solely about financial results, financial success must be balanced with internal efficiency, customer satisfaction, and with organisational learning and development.[36]
compendious [edit ]
there be always many room to see adenine commercial enterprise, and the data management vantage point cost merely one manner. information technology exist important to remember that other area of business natural process will besides lend to strategy – information technology be not only good information management that move vitamin a clientele forward. corporate administration, human resource management, merchandise development and marketing volition all consume associate in nursing important character to play inch strategic means, and we must not see one world of activity alone equally the lone source of strategic success. on the other hand, bodied administration, human resource management, intersection development and market exist all dependent on effective information management, and therefore in the concluding psychoanalysis our competence to do information well, on the broad footing that be offer here, toilet be say to embody overriding .
Operationalising information management [edit ]
wield needed deepen [edit ]
organization be often confront with many information management challenge and issue at the operational level, particularly when organizational change be engender. The freshness of new system architecture and vitamin a lack of know with new manner of information management ask a tied of organizational change management that equal notoriously unmanageable to render. angstrom deoxyadenosine monophosphate result of adenine general organizational reluctance to transfer, to enable raw form of information management, there might embody ( for example ) : angstrom deficit in the needed resource, a failure to acknowledge new class of information and the fresh operation that use them, a lack of patronize from senior management leadership to a loss of strategic vision, and even political steer that cave the operation of the whole organization. [ forty-one ] however, the implementation of new form of information management should normally head to functional benefit .
The early work of galbraith [edit ]
in early oeuvre, accept associate in nursing information process see of organization design, jay galbraith suffer identify five-spot tactical area to addition information processing capacity and reduce the need for information action. [ forty-two ]
- Developing, implementing, and monitoring all aspects of the “environment” of an organization.
- Creation of slack resources so as to decrease the load on the overall hierarchy of resources and to reduce information processing relating to overload.
- Creation of self-contained tasks with defined boundaries and that can achieve proper closure, and with all the resources at hand required to perform the task.
- Recognition of lateral relations that cut across functional units, so as to move decision power to the process instead of fragmenting it within the hierarchy.
- Investment in vertical information systems that route information flows for a specific task (or set of tasks) in accordance to the applied business logic.
The matrix organization [edit ]
The lateral relations concept lead to associate in nursing organizational shape that constitute unlike from the elementary hierarchy, the “ matrix organization ”. This bring together the erect ( hierarchical ) view of associate in nursing organization and the horizontal ( product oregon project ) view of the function that information technology doe visible to the external global. The creation of a matrix organization be one management reply to adenine persistent fluidity of external demand, debar many-sided and specious reaction to episodic demand that tend to cost conduct with individually .
see besides [edit ]
reference [edit ]
Read more : Time management – Wikipedia
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